Dados dos subs classe HAN:
Type 091 (Han Class) Nuclear Attack Submarine
The Type 091 (NATO codename: Han class) is China's first generation nuclear powered attack submarine (SSN) built by Huludao Shipyard in Huludao, Liaoning Province. A total of 5 boats (401 to 405) were built between 1967 and 1987. Currently these boats are deployed in the PLA Navy North Sea Fleet based at Qingdao. China is reported to be building the next generation nuclear attack submarine (Type 093) to replace the obsolete Type 091.
PROGRAMME
China's nuclear submarine programme can trace its origin back to the late 1950s, but the first boat (pennant number 401) was not completed until 1974. It then took its designers another ten years to make the boat fully operational due to technical problems with the nuclear reactors and the lack of suitable torpedo weapon system. It is believed that the development of the Type 091 later benefited from the assistance by the French. With these improvements the Type 091 SSN finally began to take part in active duties in the mid-1980s.
A total of five boats were built between 1967 and 1987, all of which are deployed in the North Sea Fleet based at Qingdao. The first two boats (401, 402) were refitted in the late 1980s, and back in service in the mid 1990s. 403 and 404 started mid-life refits in 1998 and were back in service in 2000. Some reports claimed that one boat may have been temporarily assigned to the South Sea Fleet.
Little is known about the detailed service status of the five Type 091 SSNs. The first two boats (401 and 402) may have been out of service since 2000, while the rest three boats are believed to remain in active service until the next generation Type 093 SSN becomes operational.
Commissioned
401 Changzheng 1 North Sea Fleet 1967 12/1970 08/1974
402 Changzheng 2 North Sea Fleet 1974 1977 01/1980
403 Changzheng 3 North Sea Fleet 1980 1983 09/1984
404 Changzheng 4 North Sea Fleet 1984 1987 11/1988
405 Changzheng 5 North Sea Fleet 1987 04/1990 12/1990
DESIGN FEATURES
The Type 091 SSN is generally regarded as outdated by today's standard, while they provided the PLA Navy with invaluable experience in operating nuclear powered submarines. From 403 onwards the hull has been extended 8m aft the fin. Early modernisation refit included modifying the design of the nuclear reactor to reduce noise and increase reliability; adding a new French designed intercept sonar set; and replacing the obsolete Soviet ESM suite with a French design.
In the 1990s the Type 091 SSNs received second modernisation refit, which may include carrying a new type of wire-guided torpedo and the capability to launch YJ-8 SSMs from 533mm torpedo tube. A new anechoic tile coating may have been applied to the hull.
COMMAND SYSTEM
The Type 091 may be fitted with a multi-purpose combat data and command system which provides information for submarine control and torpedo (and missile?) firing.
MISSILES
The Type 091 are reportedly capable of firing the submarine-launched variant of the YJ-8 (C-801) from its 533mm torpedo tubes. The missile uses active radar homing and is powered by a solid rocket engine (with a solid rocket booster). The anti-ship missile has a range of 42 km and approaches the target in sea skimming mode at a speed of 0.9 Mach. The 165 kg shaped charge warhead has time delayed impact proximity fuses.
Ying Ji-8 Anti-Ship Missile (C-801)
NAME
PLA Designation: Ying Ji-8 (YJ-8)
Export Designation: C-801
NATO Codename: CSS-N-4 Sardine
VARIANTS
YJ-8 (C-801): Basic variant
YJ-81 (C-801A): Extended range variant
YJ-8K (C-801K): Air-launched variant
YJ-8 Qian (C-801Q): Submarine-launched variant
WARHEAD
The missile uses a 165 kg semi-armor-piercing anti-personnel blast warhead which relies on the missile's kinetic energy to pierce the deck of a ship, penetrate into and explode in the ship's interior. During final design flight tests, one missile attacked and sank a target ship with displacement of 10,000 tonnes.
SPECIFICATIONS
Length: 5.814 m
Diameter: 0.36 m
Wingspan: 1.18 m
Launch Weight: 815 kg
Warhead: 165 kg time-delayed semi-armour-piercing high-explosive
Propulsion: One solid rocket engine, one solid booster
Max Speed: Mach 0.9
Max Range: 42 km (YJ-8); 50 km (YJ-8K); 80 km (YJ-81)
Flight Altitude: 20-30 m (flight); 5-7 m (attacking)
Guidance Mode: Inertial and terminal active radar
Single-Shot Hit Probability: 75%
Esse missil nada mais e do que uma copia inferior do famosissimo Exocet.
TORPEDOES
The Type 091 has six 533mm torpedo tubes, and carries a total of 20 torpedoes including Yu-3 (SET-65E)(active/passive homing to 15 km at 40 kt; warhead 205 kg) and Yu-1 (Type 53-51)(unguided to 9.2 km at 39 kt or 3.7 km at 51 kt; warhead 400 kg). Alternatively the submarine can carry 36 mines in its tubes.
Yu-3 Anti-Submarine Torpedo
Yu-3 (also known as SET-65E) is an anti-submarine torpedo used by nuclear submarines (SSN and SSBN). The Yu-3 programme began as early as 1965 by No.705 Institute, but the development didn't complete until 1984. The improved Yu-3II was introduced in 1991, but didn't enter service.
Function: Nuclear submarine launched deep-running, acoustic-homing, electric-propelled anti-submarine torpedo
Calibre: 533 mm
Length: 7,800 mm
Warhead: 205 kg
Power Plant: Electricity
Speed: 35 kt
Range: 13,000 m
Depth of Search: >400 m
Guidance: (Yu-3) Passive acoustic-homing; (Yu-3II) Active/passive acoustic-homing
Yu-1 Anti-Ship Torpedo
A Chinese copy of the Soviet 53-51 torpedo. Designed by No.705 Institute. Type classified in 1971. The improved Yu-1A was developed in the 1980s
Function: Submarine or ship launched anti-ship torpedo
Calibre: 533 mm
Length: 7,800 mm
Warhead: 400 kg
Power Plant: Gas
Speed: 50 kt
Range: 9,000 m
Guidance: (Yu-1) Unguided; (Yu-1A) passive acoustic-homing
RADAR
The Type 091 has an I-band surface search radar (NATO code-name: Snoop Tray).
SONARS
The Type 091 is fitted with Trout Cheek bow-mounted, medium-frequency sonar for active/passive search and attack; and a DUUX-5 low frequency sonar for passive ranging and intercept.
COUNTERMEASURES
Countermeasures include a Type 921-A radar warning receiver and direction-finder.
PROPULSION
The Type 091 is powered by a nuclear, turbo-electric arrangement, consisting of one pressurised water reactor (PWR) rated at 90MW, with 1 shaft.
SPECIFICATIONS
Displacement: (Surface) 4,500 tons; (Dived) 5,500 tons
Dimensions: Length 98/106 m; Beam 10 m; Draft 7.4 m
Speed: (Dived) 25 knots, (Surfaced) 12 knots
Crew: 75
Conclusao,a Marinha Chinesa precisa melhorar urgentemente a sua força de subs principalmente nucleares se quiser conseguir alguma superioridade em aguas azuis.Atualmente a Marinha Chinesa e o calcanhar de aquiles das FAs chinesas.
Um sub nuclear dessa classe HAN nao teria muita utilidade num combate naval moderno.
Atualmente as marinhas japonesa e coreana sao superiores em qualidade nos seus meios e derrotariam ate com certa facilidade a marinha chinesa.
Enquanto a nova geraçao de subs Type 093 e Type 094 de propulsao nuclear chineses nao entrarem em serviço e tambem um porta-avioes nao se fizer presente,a marinha chinesa nao vai botar medo em ninguem...