NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Mais sobre AIP:
Air Independent Propulsion
A Must for Submarines
By Gulshan Luthra and Cmde Ranjit B Rai (Retd) Published: December 2011
New Delhi. Today, superior ship borne and airborne technologies of synthetic aperture, side looking and active electronic scanning array (AESA) radars, magnetic anomaly detectors (MAD), satellite imagery from space and heat detection from the air by helicopters, maritime reconnaissance aircraft and UAVs have taken long strides. The smallest of targets at sea at can be detected from long ranges.
Conventional submarines can operate under water only as long as there is charge in their batteries. At slow speed, the duration a submarine can stay underwater can be a day or two, but if the submarine moves at high speed to escape after an attack or go in for an attack, it will run out of battery power swiftly. For recharging, it will need to surface or come to a depth from where it can push a funnel pipe – snorkel – to suck air.
The name snorkel refers to an air intake just above the sea surface which enables a submerged submarine to draw air to run a diesel engine and to access atmospheric oxygen. Only the air intake pipe is visible while the submarine hull is invisible below the sea surface.
But the snorkel is susceptible of being located from ships, and particularly aircraft and satellites, thereby giving the position of the submarine.
The answer to this vulnerability of conventional submarines was the induction of nuclear propelled submarines which did not have to surface for months on end, but nuclear submarines are very expensive to build and maintain. Only five nations in the world, which are also nuclear weapon states, have the capability to build and operate nuclear submarines.
When India’s own home built submarine INS Airhant, presently undergoing harbour acceptance trials (HATS) at Vishakapatnam is commissioned, India will join this club as the sixth nation.
Brazil has a plan to build nuclear submarines with French ship and nuclear submarine builder DCNS’s help. Forty Brazilian engineers, architects and naval officers are undergoing training in France at the Centre Indret at Nantes to ultimately construct nuclear submarines in Brazil. Other submarine operating nations are looking to non-nuclear technology to enable submarines to stay under water for prolonged operations without surfacing.
DCNS, which supplied Agosta submarines to Pakistan and is building Indian Navy’s Scorpene submarines, invited Indian and some other foreign journalists to witness its facilities, including the construction of AIP systems. High-strength steel containers for Areva’s nuclear power plants for France and China were also being built there.
There was one AIP unit there, nearly built, possibly for a Pakistani Agosta.
AIP is a breakthrough technology for conventional submarines, enabling them to remain underwater three or four times a vessel’s standard capacity. It is a propulsion package technology given the generic name of Air Independent Propulsion.
The Indian Navy is working on a proposal to induct the AIP for the last two or three of its six Scorpene submarines being built by Mazagon Dock Ltd. (MDL) while the next lot of six more submarines will all be equipped with it.
Notably, a submarine is about stealth. It is a weapons platform not visible to the naked eye. AIP significantly improves stealth because it enables a submarine to generate electricity for services and battery charging and propulsion while completely submerged.
AIP systems are auxiliary, like a smaller hull inserted in the main body. They generate electricity, powering a submarine’s to operate and also generate oxygen, lighting and amenities for crew. Accordingly, they enable conventional diesel-electric submarines to remain submerged for two to three weeks at a time. Without AIP, diesel-electric submarines have to come up to snorkeling depths just below the surface or surface at shorter intervals so that the diesel engines can recharge their batteries. This significantly increases the risk of detection.
A submarine’s diesel engines can only be started once the snorkel has cleared the surface to take in oxygen in the fresh air. Snorkeling depth is about the same as periscope depth. AIP significantly improves stealth because it enables a submarine to generate electricity for services and battery charging and propulsion while completely submerged.
The development of AIP has taken time, and it was the Spanish scientist Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol who first thought of it in 1867. After that the Germans, British and Soviets worked on it. The latest French system, MESMA (Module d’Energie Sous- Marine Autonome) or Autonomous Underwater Energy Module, can be fitted on both the Agosta 90B and Scorpene class boats. Energy is produced onboard by burning ethanol and stored oxygen.
MESMA, or similar systems from some other countries, enable submarines to stay submerged for around three weeks. Their development has led to a paradigm shift in submarine warfare. In fact, this technology comes under the umbrella of the generic term, Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), which has led to quantum jumps in the technologies and capabilities of platforms and weapon systems, and accordingly their deployment in conflicts and war.
One of the major challenges at sea is the identification of targets: friend or foe.
The advances made in detection of electronic transmissions (EW) and photography can be put through finger printing algorithms and even small contacts of submarine periscopes or a snorkel can be detected and identified. Therefore the paradigm shift in the auxiliary propulsion system of modern submarines with the development of AIP has made submarines even more versatile. They can approach enemy coasts undetected like nuclear submarines and conduct appropriate missile attacks.
MESMA can be retrofitted by fitting an additional hull section, called a plug, in the submarines.
The Pakistan Navy has already fitted MESMAs on two of its Agosta 90B Boats. The system was built and tested in France and then transported to Karachi.
Notably, as MESMA being an auxiliary system does not replace the main power units, or atmospheric-dependent propulsion. Nor does it give much speed to a boat but it does enable it to stay underwater for longer durations and move away after an attack to safer distances. A submarine is a sitting duck if detected, and aircraft like the Boeing P8-I which India is acquiring, are specifically designed to detect and hunt down submarines.
India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is also now working on developing indigenous AIP technology at the Naval Material Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath, by 2015.
Meanwhile, the Government has set aside $ 9 to 10 billion for six new generation AIP-equipped submarines under what is designated Project 75-I.
© India Strategic
Fonte: http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories ... ulsion.htm
Air Independent Propulsion
A Must for Submarines
By Gulshan Luthra and Cmde Ranjit B Rai (Retd) Published: December 2011
New Delhi. Today, superior ship borne and airborne technologies of synthetic aperture, side looking and active electronic scanning array (AESA) radars, magnetic anomaly detectors (MAD), satellite imagery from space and heat detection from the air by helicopters, maritime reconnaissance aircraft and UAVs have taken long strides. The smallest of targets at sea at can be detected from long ranges.
Conventional submarines can operate under water only as long as there is charge in their batteries. At slow speed, the duration a submarine can stay underwater can be a day or two, but if the submarine moves at high speed to escape after an attack or go in for an attack, it will run out of battery power swiftly. For recharging, it will need to surface or come to a depth from where it can push a funnel pipe – snorkel – to suck air.
The name snorkel refers to an air intake just above the sea surface which enables a submerged submarine to draw air to run a diesel engine and to access atmospheric oxygen. Only the air intake pipe is visible while the submarine hull is invisible below the sea surface.
But the snorkel is susceptible of being located from ships, and particularly aircraft and satellites, thereby giving the position of the submarine.
The answer to this vulnerability of conventional submarines was the induction of nuclear propelled submarines which did not have to surface for months on end, but nuclear submarines are very expensive to build and maintain. Only five nations in the world, which are also nuclear weapon states, have the capability to build and operate nuclear submarines.
When India’s own home built submarine INS Airhant, presently undergoing harbour acceptance trials (HATS) at Vishakapatnam is commissioned, India will join this club as the sixth nation.
Brazil has a plan to build nuclear submarines with French ship and nuclear submarine builder DCNS’s help. Forty Brazilian engineers, architects and naval officers are undergoing training in France at the Centre Indret at Nantes to ultimately construct nuclear submarines in Brazil. Other submarine operating nations are looking to non-nuclear technology to enable submarines to stay under water for prolonged operations without surfacing.
DCNS, which supplied Agosta submarines to Pakistan and is building Indian Navy’s Scorpene submarines, invited Indian and some other foreign journalists to witness its facilities, including the construction of AIP systems. High-strength steel containers for Areva’s nuclear power plants for France and China were also being built there.
There was one AIP unit there, nearly built, possibly for a Pakistani Agosta.
AIP is a breakthrough technology for conventional submarines, enabling them to remain underwater three or four times a vessel’s standard capacity. It is a propulsion package technology given the generic name of Air Independent Propulsion.
The Indian Navy is working on a proposal to induct the AIP for the last two or three of its six Scorpene submarines being built by Mazagon Dock Ltd. (MDL) while the next lot of six more submarines will all be equipped with it.
Notably, a submarine is about stealth. It is a weapons platform not visible to the naked eye. AIP significantly improves stealth because it enables a submarine to generate electricity for services and battery charging and propulsion while completely submerged.
AIP systems are auxiliary, like a smaller hull inserted in the main body. They generate electricity, powering a submarine’s to operate and also generate oxygen, lighting and amenities for crew. Accordingly, they enable conventional diesel-electric submarines to remain submerged for two to three weeks at a time. Without AIP, diesel-electric submarines have to come up to snorkeling depths just below the surface or surface at shorter intervals so that the diesel engines can recharge their batteries. This significantly increases the risk of detection.
A submarine’s diesel engines can only be started once the snorkel has cleared the surface to take in oxygen in the fresh air. Snorkeling depth is about the same as periscope depth. AIP significantly improves stealth because it enables a submarine to generate electricity for services and battery charging and propulsion while completely submerged.
The development of AIP has taken time, and it was the Spanish scientist Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol who first thought of it in 1867. After that the Germans, British and Soviets worked on it. The latest French system, MESMA (Module d’Energie Sous- Marine Autonome) or Autonomous Underwater Energy Module, can be fitted on both the Agosta 90B and Scorpene class boats. Energy is produced onboard by burning ethanol and stored oxygen.
MESMA, or similar systems from some other countries, enable submarines to stay submerged for around three weeks. Their development has led to a paradigm shift in submarine warfare. In fact, this technology comes under the umbrella of the generic term, Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), which has led to quantum jumps in the technologies and capabilities of platforms and weapon systems, and accordingly their deployment in conflicts and war.
One of the major challenges at sea is the identification of targets: friend or foe.
The advances made in detection of electronic transmissions (EW) and photography can be put through finger printing algorithms and even small contacts of submarine periscopes or a snorkel can be detected and identified. Therefore the paradigm shift in the auxiliary propulsion system of modern submarines with the development of AIP has made submarines even more versatile. They can approach enemy coasts undetected like nuclear submarines and conduct appropriate missile attacks.
MESMA can be retrofitted by fitting an additional hull section, called a plug, in the submarines.
The Pakistan Navy has already fitted MESMAs on two of its Agosta 90B Boats. The system was built and tested in France and then transported to Karachi.
Notably, as MESMA being an auxiliary system does not replace the main power units, or atmospheric-dependent propulsion. Nor does it give much speed to a boat but it does enable it to stay underwater for longer durations and move away after an attack to safer distances. A submarine is a sitting duck if detected, and aircraft like the Boeing P8-I which India is acquiring, are specifically designed to detect and hunt down submarines.
India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is also now working on developing indigenous AIP technology at the Naval Material Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath, by 2015.
Meanwhile, the Government has set aside $ 9 to 10 billion for six new generation AIP-equipped submarines under what is designated Project 75-I.
© India Strategic
Fonte: http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories ... ulsion.htm
"You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life."
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Winston Churchill

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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
VALEWS!!!Brasileiro escreveu:Nossos submarinos S-BR serão um Scorpene modificado.Túlio escreveu:Há algo que não entendo nisso dos SSKs: há que fale que é Scorpéne - como no texto - há quem fale em "diferente do Scorpéne" e há quem fale em Marlim, o que vai ser afinal? Nem a parte do AIP x não-AIP me parece clara...
Diferentemente dos Scorpene originais, os S-BR serão sensivelmente mais compridos, coisa de 9 metros a mais, onde caberá mais mantimentos, combustível e baterias, resultando em maior economia. E também, o leme não será em forma de "+", mas em "x".
E serão convencionais, nada de AIP.
abraços]




“You have to understand, most of these people are not ready to be unplugged. And many of them are so inured, so hopelessly dependent on the system, that they will fight to protect it.”
Morpheus
Morpheus
Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Até onde sei existe uma “necessidade não preenchida” por assim dizer dentro da MB por um submarino realmente oceânico, algo próximo a 2400 toneladas, função vaga deste a desativação dos Oberon.
Em aspectos puramente operacionais nem a classe Tupi nem os Scorpene cumprem bem esta função, algo perfeitamente perdoável, já que ambos os programas tinham alem de aspectos operacionais, prioridades industriais na transferência de tecnologia de submarinos que o Brasil busca dominar a mais de 30 anos.
A ausência de AIP no Scorpene (o modelo da IKL que chegou a ser anunciado, posteriormente preterido pelo projeto Frances) também não tinha previsão de AIP, acredito que a necessidade de operação com um perfil mais oceânico (mais diesel ,mantimentos e espaço interno).
Fazendo uma lista mental rápida de marinhas que não possuem submarinos nucleares e precisam de submarinos de maior porte para operações oceânicas, me vem a cabeça alguns “abacaxis”, como a Classe Collins na Austrália e a Classe Victoria no Canadá, famosos pelas investigações parlamentares sobre seus problemas de projeto e operação.
Também é digno de reflexão os TR-1700 argentinos, até onde sei ótimos projetos, mas que foram alem da capacidade técnica e econômica de los hermanos interrompendo seus planos de construção a 2 exemplares apenas.
Claro que nem tudo esta perdido quando se trata de programas de submarinos oceânicos, a classe Oyashio na marinha japonesa parece ter sido um acertado programa, no começo deste ano apareceram algumas matérias na imprensa internacional onde almirantes russos de certa forma invejavam a marinha japonesa que pode contar com 11 submarinos modernos e poderosos naquela região do pacifico onde a marina russa perde influencia a cada ano.
A outra incógnita também vem daquela região do globo, a Coréia do Sul depois de licenciar a construção de submarinos alemães (tal qual o Brasil) esta caminhando para o seu programa nacional de submarinos oceânicos, um caminho gradual e seguro, pelo que vemos da evolução naval sul coreana nos últimos 20 anos nada parece indicar que eles não sejam capazes de realizar um bom trabalho nesta nova classe de navios.
Em aspectos puramente operacionais nem a classe Tupi nem os Scorpene cumprem bem esta função, algo perfeitamente perdoável, já que ambos os programas tinham alem de aspectos operacionais, prioridades industriais na transferência de tecnologia de submarinos que o Brasil busca dominar a mais de 30 anos.
A ausência de AIP no Scorpene (o modelo da IKL que chegou a ser anunciado, posteriormente preterido pelo projeto Frances) também não tinha previsão de AIP, acredito que a necessidade de operação com um perfil mais oceânico (mais diesel ,mantimentos e espaço interno).
Fazendo uma lista mental rápida de marinhas que não possuem submarinos nucleares e precisam de submarinos de maior porte para operações oceânicas, me vem a cabeça alguns “abacaxis”, como a Classe Collins na Austrália e a Classe Victoria no Canadá, famosos pelas investigações parlamentares sobre seus problemas de projeto e operação.
Também é digno de reflexão os TR-1700 argentinos, até onde sei ótimos projetos, mas que foram alem da capacidade técnica e econômica de los hermanos interrompendo seus planos de construção a 2 exemplares apenas.
Claro que nem tudo esta perdido quando se trata de programas de submarinos oceânicos, a classe Oyashio na marinha japonesa parece ter sido um acertado programa, no começo deste ano apareceram algumas matérias na imprensa internacional onde almirantes russos de certa forma invejavam a marinha japonesa que pode contar com 11 submarinos modernos e poderosos naquela região do pacifico onde a marina russa perde influencia a cada ano.
A outra incógnita também vem daquela região do globo, a Coréia do Sul depois de licenciar a construção de submarinos alemães (tal qual o Brasil) esta caminhando para o seu programa nacional de submarinos oceânicos, um caminho gradual e seguro, pelo que vemos da evolução naval sul coreana nos últimos 20 anos nada parece indicar que eles não sejam capazes de realizar um bom trabalho nesta nova classe de navios.
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
"A reconquista da soberania perdida não restabelece o status quo."
Barão do Rio Branco
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
DALL, creio que a versão proposta APRESENTADA pelo Brasileiro - e que pode vir mesmo a ser o nosso SSK - preenche amplamente o que sugeres...
PS.: editado por incorreção.
PS.: editado por incorreção.
“You have to understand, most of these people are not ready to be unplugged. And many of them are so inured, so hopelessly dependent on the system, that they will fight to protect it.”
Morpheus
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Não foi eu quem propôs, Tulio. O desenho que eu coloquei, do site Plano Brasil, foi tirado de um slide de uma apresentação da prória MB.Túlio escreveu:DALL, creio que a versão proposta pelo Brasileiro - e que pode vir mesmo a ser o nosso SSK - preenche amplamente o que sugeres...
E o S-BR terá deslocamento, submerso, de mais de 2000 ton. Sua autonomia será sensivelmente maior do que a dos Tupis e Tikuna atuais.
Aliás, a construção dos S-BR foi em substituição ao projeto SMB-10, que deslocaria cerca de 2500 ton carregado. Este casco seria utilizado também no SNA.
A idéia atual do SN-BR é bem diferente daquela dos anos 90 e 2000. Agora vislumbramos um submarino quase do porte do Classe Virginia americano e não mais um 'mini submarino nuclear'.
Quem sabe os próximos submarinos S-BR, após estes 4 previstos, já não venham com mais inovações, como, por exemplo, um AIP nacional? Ou mesmo algum tipo de propulsão nosso.
EDIT: Outra coisa. Acabei de ver uma das apresentações, dos eventos do Livro Branco de Defesa, no site do MD, que as instalações do reator nuclear experimental (não me lembro o nome), aquele que é base para o que será instalado no SN-BR, já será construído em estruturas semelhantes à de um submarino, com as mesmas dimensões.
abraços]
----------------
amor fati
amor fati
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Perdoes, tens razão, me expressei mal. Estou editando de "proposta" para APRESENTADA, que creio ser mais correto. Tri?
![Cool 8-]](./images/smilies/icon_cool.gif)

![Cool 8-]](./images/smilies/icon_cool.gif)
“You have to understand, most of these people are not ready to be unplugged. And many of them are so inured, so hopelessly dependent on the system, that they will fight to protect it.”
Morpheus
Morpheus
Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Justamente, o S-BR tera deslocamento de 2700 toneladas, e praticamente não seria mais um Scorpene...inclusive nos seus sistemas.
Acredito que o SNA, tera deslocamento entre 4000 e 6000 toneladas.
Acredito que o SNA, tera deslocamento entre 4000 e 6000 toneladas.
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
6000 ton.
"A reconquista da soberania perdida não restabelece o status quo."
Barão do Rio Branco
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Do Junker no fórum irmão:
20/04/2012
Ação: 11TC - PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CICLO DE COMBUSTÍVEL NUCLEAR
Citação:
Favorecido: 05.515.012/0001-72 - SACTRES INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO LTDA
Valor: R$ 1,003,450.00
IM1200 CONTRATO NUMERO 42000/2012-019/00 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CICLO DO COMBUSTIVEL NUCLEAR
SERVICO DE FORJAMENTO EM ACO DE ALTA RESISTENCIA, CONFORME CONTRATO NUMERO 42000/2012-019/00 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CICLO DO COMBUSTIVEL NUCLEAR
http://www.portaltransparencia.gov.br/d ... 12NE001059
20/04/2012
Ação: 11TC - PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CICLO DE COMBUSTÍVEL NUCLEAR
Citação:
Favorecido: 05.515.012/0001-72 - SACTRES INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO LTDA
Valor: R$ 1,003,450.00
IM1200 CONTRATO NUMERO 42000/2012-019/00 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CICLO DO COMBUSTIVEL NUCLEAR
SERVICO DE FORJAMENTO EM ACO DE ALTA RESISTENCIA, CONFORME CONTRATO NUMERO 42000/2012-019/00 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A PESQUISA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CICLO DO COMBUSTIVEL NUCLEAR
http://www.portaltransparencia.gov.br/d ... 12NE001059
"A reconquista da soberania perdida não restabelece o status quo."
Barão do Rio Branco
Barão do Rio Branco
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Do Junker no fórum irmão:
Data: 27/04/2012
Ação: 1421 - CONSTRUÇÃO DO PROTÓTIPO DE REATOR NUCLEAR
Citação:
Favorecido: 19309919211 - IBAMA - COORDENACAO-GERAL DE FINANCAS - CGFIN
Valor: R$ 148,981.22
IM1200 AC 0491/0/22 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A CONSTRUCAO DO PROTOTIPO DE REATOR NUCLEAR
TAXA PARA CONCESSAO DE LICENCA DE INSTALACAO LI 304/2005 E LICENCA DE OPERACAO LO 617/2007 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A CONSTRUCAO DO PROTOTIPO DE REATOR NUCLEAR
http://www.portaltransparencia.gov.br/d ... 12NE001143
Data: 27/04/2012
Ação: 1421 - CONSTRUÇÃO DO PROTÓTIPO DE REATOR NUCLEAR
Citação:
Favorecido: 19309919211 - IBAMA - COORDENACAO-GERAL DE FINANCAS - CGFIN
Valor: R$ 148,981.22
IM1200 AC 0491/0/22 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A CONSTRUCAO DO PROTOTIPO DE REATOR NUCLEAR
TAXA PARA CONCESSAO DE LICENCA DE INSTALACAO LI 304/2005 E LICENCA DE OPERACAO LO 617/2007 ATIVIDADE DE APOIO A CONSTRUCAO DO PROTOTIPO DE REATOR NUCLEAR
http://www.portaltransparencia.gov.br/d ... 12NE001143
"A reconquista da soberania perdida não restabelece o status quo."
Barão do Rio Branco
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
E a base e estaleiro avançam!
abraços]
abraços]
----------------
amor fati
amor fati
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Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Gostaríamos de agradecer a vaquinha, pois de outra maneira nada disso seria possível.




"A reconquista da soberania perdida não restabelece o status quo."
Barão do Rio Branco
Barão do Rio Branco
Re: NOTICIAS SUB NUCLEAR BRASILEIRO
Para quem gosta do tema, sugiro a leitura da Tese de Doutorado de Leonam dos Santos Guimarães
Síntese de doutrina de segurança para projeto e operação de submarinos nucleares
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponive ... /pt-br.php
Síntese de doutrina de segurança para projeto e operação de submarinos nucleares
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponive ... /pt-br.php