Fórum Defesa Brasil

Marinha quer licitar navios escolta no valor de 9 bi de euros
DENISE LUNA REUTERS

RIO DE JANEIRO - A Marinha do Brasil pretende licitar entre o final deste ano e o próximo a construção de 18 navios escolta no valor de 500 milhões de euros cada, uma competição de 9 bilhões de euros e cuja exigência de conteúdo nacional será menor do que a habitual.

"São navios muito complexos, é difícil atingir o índice de nacionalização de outras embarcações por causa das armas", explicou o contra-almirante Francisco Deiana durante apresentação em seminário do setor naval na Federação das Indústrias do Rio de Janeiro (Firjan).

Os navios deverão ser construídos no Brasil em associação com um estaleiro projetista internacional, informou o militar, prevendo o prazo de 5 anos para a construção.

Destinados à proteção da costa, possivelmente na região do pré-sal da bacia de Santos, onde estão localizadas reservas de petróleo que podem mais que dobrar as atuais reservas brasileiras, os navios escolta terão que ter no mínimo 40 por cento de conteúdo nacional, um índice baixo se comparado aos exigidos em programas da Petrobras e suas subsidiárias, em torno dos 70 por cento.

"O modelo estratégico é ter um projeto já consagrado que seja adaptado para a nossa realidade e construído no Brasil", disse o militar, citando França, Itália e Alemanha como possíveis países que disputariam a encomenda.

"São países que possuem projetos semelhantes e já fizeram apresentação para nós, mas não temos preferência", se apressou em esclarecer antecipando uma possível polêmica que pode surgir nessa compra a exemplo do que ocorreu com a licitação de caças pelo governo brasileiro.

Ele admitiu no entanto que a decisão da compra, assim como no caso dos caças, deverá obedecer às lógicas estratégica e política do governo.

"A Marinha emite o parecer técnico, mas existem outros componentes estratégicos e políticos", afirmou.

A licitação faz parte de um plano maior de modernização da frota da Marinha brasileira, já iniciada e que soma ao todo investimentos entre 70 e 80 bilhões de euros nos próximos 20 anos, segundo Deiana.

A primeira iniciativa foi a parceria estratégica com o governo francês em 2008 para construção de quatro submarinos diesel-elétricos convencionais e o primeiro submarino brasileiro com propulsão nuclear, com transferência de tecnologia.

A pedra fundamental do estaleiro em Itaguaí, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro para construir o submarino nuclear será lançada em junho, segundo Deiana, em cerimônica com a presença do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

Deiana informou ainda que o terceiro lote da licitação de 27 navios patrulha de 500 toneladas, no valor de 80 milhões de reais cada, será feita ao longo deste ano para mais 4 ou 6 unidades. O índice de nacionalização esperado é de 60 por cento.

Também até o final deste ano a Marinha espera assinar os contratos das 3 primeiras unidades com opção para mais 2 de uma encomenda de 12 navios patrulha de 1.800 toneladas, ao custo de 230 milhões de reais cada.

Outras encomendas estão na lista de compras da Marinha, como embarcações do sistema de segurança aquaviário, de patrulhas fluviais, apoio logístico e navios hidrográficos.

É correto se perguntar: Temos uma estratégia marítima a ser posta em ação em tempos de Pré-Sal. Ou a de contrapor-se aos nossos vizinhos neo-nacionalistas que vêm se armando, adquirindo novos vetores aéreos, embarcações de combate, equipamentos, mísseis e demais suprimentos de forças de superfície ?

Infelizmente no atual governo, com uma ideologia de subserviência aos velhos comunistas, agora repaginados como neo-nacionalistas e conjurando uma política de alinhamento a nações potencialmente perigosas, NÃO. Não há estratégia marítima de defesa do patrimônio brasileiro, que sabidamente no futuro será objeto de cobiça e conflito. A exemplo do que ocorre com nossa fauna e flora.

jp escreveu:Aos navegantes uma pergunta aqui do incauto.
Noves fora restrições aventadas de tecnologias (deles para nós), e os conhecidos pundonores governamentais de alinhamento etc aos EUA, estes não teriam nada a oferecer quanto a projetos dessas pretendidas escoltas?

CRUISERS/DESTROYERS

DDG 51 Arleigh Burke-$1.8 billion

Daring Type 45 (UK)-$581 million

DDG 1000 Zumwalt-$6 billion

*****

FRIGATES

Absalon (Denmark)-$269 million

F100 Bazan (Spain)-$600 million

F105 Cristobal Colon (Spain)-$954 million

De Zeven Provincien (Netherlands)-$532 million

FREMM (Franco/Italian)-$426 million

LCS Freedom-$637 million

Holland (Netherlands)-$169 million

LCS Independence-$704 million

Iver Huitfeldt (Denmark)-$332 millon

Nansen (Norway)-$326 million

Sachsen Type 124 (Germany)-1.06 billion

Warship Costs

I am constantly struggling to find relevant costs of warships and auxiliaries when proposing defense alternatives for navies. Here is a Page specifically for this purpose, for my own reference, and anyone who needs it. Your help in finding relevant sources is much appreciated. Wikipedia is not a good source but it is a good starting point as they often post source links for their information, though not always.

This is an ongoing project. Prices are in US dollars.

*****

SUBMARINES

Ohio SSBN Replacement-$7 billion (est.)

Scorpene SSK (Spain)-$595 million

Type 214 (Germany)-$350 million

Virginia SSN-$2.4 billion

*****

AIRCRAFT CARRIERS

Cavour CVH (Italy)-$2 billion

CVN-78 Gerald R Ford-$13.5 billion

Queen Elizabeth (UK)-$3.7 billion

George HW Bush-$6.26 billion

Hyuga DDH (Japan)-$1.06 billion

Vikrant (India)-$762 million

*****

CRUISERS/DESTROYERS

DDG 51 Arleigh Burke-$1.8 billion

Daring Type 45 (UK)-$581 million

DDG 1000 Zumwalt-$6 billion

*****

FRIGATES

Absalon (Denmark)-$269 million

F100 Bazan (Spain)-$600 million

F105 Cristobal Colon (Spain)-$954 million

De Zeven Provincien (Netherlands)-$532 million

FREMM (Franco/Italian)-$426 million

LCS Freedom-$637 million

Holland (Netherlands)-$169 million

LCS Independence-$704 million

Iver Huitfeldt (Denmark)-$332 millon

Nansen (Norway)-$326 million

Sachsen Type 124 (Germany)-1.06 billion

*****

CORVETTES/OPVs/CUTTERS

Baynunah class (UAE)-$137 million

Clyde (Britain)-$47,000,000

Khareef (Oman)-$262 million

Kedah class (Malaysia)-$300 million

Knud Rasmussen (Denmark)-$50 million

BAM Maritime Action Ship (Spain)-$116 million

Otago (New Zealand)-$62.6 million

Port of Spain class (Trinidad and Tobago)-$50 million

River class (Britain)-$31,400,000

Sentinel Class-$47 million

Visby (Sweden)-$184 million

*****

FAST ATTACK CRAFT

Ambassador MK III (Egypt/USA)-$325 million

Cyclone class patrol craft-$31 million

Hamina (Finland)-$101 million

Rotoiti (New Zealand)-$25 million

Skjold (Norway)-$133.5 million

M80 Stiletto-$6 million

*****

AMPHIBIOUS SHIPS

LHA 6 America-$3.05 billion

LSD Bay Class (Britain)-$228 million

Canberra LHD (Australia)-$1.3 billion

KRI Dr. Soeharso LPD (Indonesia)-$50 million

LST Endurance (Singapore)-$142 million

LPD Johan de Witt (Netherlands)-$370 million

Juan Carlos (Spain)-$490 million

LHD 8 Makin Island-$2.2 billion

LPD 17 San Antonio-$1.76 billion

Mistral (France)-$529.8 million

*****

AUXILIARIES

Type 702 Berlin-class AOR (Germany)-$445 million

MRV Canterbury (New Zealand)-$124 million

Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV)-$160 million

Lewis and Clark (T-AKE)-$538 million

USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)-$199 million

Patino-class AOR (Spain)-$288 million

Sea Fighter FSF 1-$200 million

Wave Class Auxiliary Oiler(Britain)–$172 million

*****

Naval Aircraft

The following numbers are based on DoD sources based via Defense-Aerospace.com. Unit Costs based on Total Costs as of 31/12/09:

* E2 D Advanced Hawkeye-$252.05 million
* EA 18 G Growler-$101.31 million
* F/A 18 E/F Super Hornet-$93.38 million
* F-35 Lightning II-#133.6 million
* MH 60 R SeaHawk-$47.47 million
* MH 60 S SeaHawk-$29.48 million
* P 8I Poseidon-$279.84 million
* V 22 Osprey-$115.5 million
* CH 53K Super Stallion-$127.63 million
* Sea Avenger UAV-$20 million

Of Interest:

* C 130J Hercules-$90.34 million
* C 17A Globemaster III-$311.97 million
* CH 47F Chinook-$26.56 million
* F 22 Raptor-$354.86 million
* RQ 4 Global Hawk-$178.03 million

soultrain escreveu:P44,

Há os navios da USCG...

National Security Cutter


Northrop Grumman has offered its National Security Cutter design as a new frigate for the United States Navy at a cost of less than $400 million

Really interesting news from DCNS. They are proposing a variant of their FM400 frigate family with a wave piercing bow. Claimed benefits of are:
- greater stealth
- better seakeeping
- lower structural fatigue and fuel consumption in high waves.

The wave piercing bow can be added as a "no cost" option to the existing FM400 design - it requires no changes to the midship and aft hull sections. Great article in Meretmarine with more details: http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=113110

I've long thought that FM400 is what LCS should have been all along. It comes in several 4,000t variants, including air defense (Aster 30, SMART-L radar), ASW (towed sonar) and land attack (127mm gun, stern mission bay with RIBs). Crew requirements are very low: 80-110. Meretmarine has more details: http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=108302

Before & After:

jp escreveu:P44, obrigado.
A diferença é mesmo mastodôntica.

SA Navy to receive Umkhonto II
Written by Leon Engelbrecht
Tuesday, 11 May 2010 11:26



The South African Navy may soon receive Umkhonto Mk II short-range point air defence missiles when it replenishes its stock of the 125kg, 12km-range vertical launch infra-red (IR) guided weapon.

SA joined the handful of nations to have fielded a functional operational anti-missile air defence systems with the successful firing of the Umkhonto from aboard the Valour-class frigate SAS Amatola in November 2005. Since then the SA Navy has regularly fired the weapon that carries a 23kg warhead against various target drones most recently during Exercise Good Hope IV, a joint multinational undertaking with Germany.

“We heard it went very well,” says Denel Dynamics CE Jan Wessels. “The system has now been in service with the Navy for three years and all the feedback we get is very positive, it is really performing as advertised and more.”

Wessels adds that the Mk II version has been developed over the last three years for the Finnish navy. “Our engineering attention has been on Finland for the last three years and more. We've developed the Mk II version of Umkhonto optimised for a more challenging operational environment, that experienced in the Baltic archipelago environment. So the missile seeker has to be very advanced to lock onto target and not some background object. We are very confident that Umkhonto MkII offers unique competitive capabilities in this regard,” Wessels adds.

Six systems have been delivered to Finland and have been fitted to four Hamina class missile boats and two Hämeenmaa class minelayers. The Finnish success came against the US-German Rolling Air Frame Missile and the Swedish Bofors Bamse. The weapon is also still under consideration by Sweden for fitment aboard five of its new Visby-class stealth corvettes.

The Dynamics CE adds the Mk II has now met all specifications and is in production for Finland. They will also be supplied to the SA Navy once the latter has placed an order for replacement missiles. “They're using their stocks for trials and need to replenish stocks. It will be the Mk II, we'll stop doing the Mk I, there's no point going back to it. This is will be invisible to the SA Navy client from an integration viewpoint and is an example where the SA Department of Defence (DoD) gets the benefit without having to invest directly, it is a benefit gained through export. Denel Dynamics’ investment to secure the export opportunity ultimately funded this Mk II, after the SA Navy initial investment funded the Umkhonto MkI development.”

Denel Dynamics is also moving ahead with the further development of a land-based Umkhonto system for the SA Army and other customers. At the moment this is being funded by the SA DoD as a technology programme. “We are busy with risk mitigation work to advance it so that when the programme is finally switched on we are ready.” Wessels says the land variant will twin the Mk II with a containerised launcher is developed in close consultation with with the SA Army Air Defence Artillery. This will integrate with a command centre and a new three dimensional radar also currently under development.

Wessels adds that several potential “export customers are already looking impatiently at the system.” He says the naval system “is getting a very good name” in the mlitary community, further exciting interest in the system’s landwards application.


Future developments

This process started as early as November 23 2005 when the SAS Amatola fired its first Umkhonto at a high-speed Skua target drone off Cape Agulhas. It fired a second a week later. Both were fired with telemetry warheads to tell developers at Denel's nearby Overberg Test Range how the missiles were performing. Had real warheads been fitted, both targets would have been destroyed according to the data read-outs. "Both hits were within the specifications. The ranges achieved were even better than those specified," then-Sitron project director RAdm (JG) Johnny Kamerman said in a media conference in 2006. The admiral added the development of the system had begun in 1993. South Africa decided to develop its own system even after sanctions was lifted because high-end systems such as the US Aegis were unaffordable -- "we can't afford the launchers, let alone the missiles," Kamerman explained -- and low-end systems like shoulder-launched missiles were "a waste of time".



Land-based testing ended in July 2005 when the system was adjudged shore-qualified. The testing involved telemetry intercepts of a Skua in various profiles, including low-level, head on and in evasive manoeuvres. The tests culminated in a Skua being destroyed with a “standard warhead”, Kamerman said.

In May 2008 then-Denel Dynamics air defence missiles executive manager Machiel Oberholzer told defenceWeb the Umkhonto development path included an extended range (ER) IR variant as well as an all-weather radar-guided version and an ER version of that. "It is a good concept, six missiles in an ISO-container that can be mounted on any type of vehicle, that has a 360-degree engagement capability and a high kill probability due to is large warhead," Oberholzer says.

As stated above, the current infrared-guided Umkhonto has a range of 12km. Oberholzer said this was being expanded as part of a pre-planned product improvement initiative. An extended-range infrared version is planned and will range up to 22km. The radar version, dubbed the AWSAM – all weather surface to air missile – would have a 20km range, while an extended range version fitted with a booster rocket (AWSAM-E) – would hit out up to 30km – which placed it in the medium-range capability.

He added the advantage of such a family of missiles was that "you can have a cocktail of missiles in your launchers so you can engage with the most appropriate one to the threat. Infrared missiles are cheaper than radar and you don't want to use an expensive missile to shoot down an easy target."

Wessels says Denel Dynamics is looking for funding partners for the advanced Umkhonto future configurations . “It will ideally be a programme like A-Darter”, the R1 billion JV 5th generation IR short-range air-to-air missile being developed with Brazil. But he also questions the notion that Umkhonto IR is just a good-weather system. “If you can just highlight that's not the case. The fact that the SA & Finnish navies have selected Umkhonto after in-depth studies – despite typical naval weather conditions – says it all. How this missile works is you have an advanced 3D radar on the ship or launch point and that keeps tracking the target after the missile is fired and via datalink guides the missile to within the last kilometre or so.

“Only then does the IR seeker become active. The more accurate the 3D radar is, the more you can do and the better the performance as an all-weather system. The IR seeker is just used for the last pinpoint accuracy. The better the radar, the better the missile.”