Air Force sure Raptor's moves will win friends Plane's dazzling moves to be showcased
By DAVE HIRSCHMAN
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Published on: 03/04/07
The speed and agility that make the Marietta-built F-22 Raptor a formidable dogfighter also provide an entertaining side benefit that the Air Force intends to start showing off: dazzling aerobatic moves.
In an effort to build public support for the controversial weapons program, the Air Force plans a series of low-level air show performances around the country this spring and summer. They will include a radical series of aerobatic maneuvers that have only recently been defined and named.
describe the bizarre-looking gyrations of a plane roughly the same size and weight as other frontline fighters — but wildly more nimble. "The Cobra" and extreme slow-speed passes also are planned.
"The Air Force realizes it's very important that the Raptor demonstrations look different than any other flight profile we've ever done," said Maj. Paul "Max" Moga, 34, an F-22 instructor who will fly all of the Raptor's public demonstrations for the next two years.
"As I continuously develop the aerobatic maneuvers, I hope to add them one at a time, By the end of the year, I'll have a full aerobatic profile that will be much different from the [F-15] Eagle or [F-16] Viper."
Both those frontline fighters perform traditional air show routines that highlight their speed and precision. But their maneuvers have been little changed in the half-century the Air Force has been displaying jet fighters.
Raptors are the first U.S. combat planes with "vectored thrust" and other features that dramatically enhance their maneuverability and allow them to fly an entirely new repertoire of maneuvers. Russia's nonstealthy Sukhoi fighters were the first to perform the Cobra move in public, and its Su-37s are billed as Raptor rival.
Public aerial demonstrations are a time-tested, grass-roots method for the military to build popular support, show off technological prowess and attract recruits. This year, the Air Force plans an elaborate series of events to mark its 60th anniversary, including a full week of events in Atlanta in October.
No Atlanta area shows featuring the Raptor have been set, but it could be part of the October events.
The $72 billion Raptor program has been a lightning rod throughout more than 20 years of development. Opponents claim Lockheed Martin's $136 million jets are a relic of the Cold War and no longer relevant for the kinds of gritty, ground conflicts the United States faces in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Air Force regards the planes as essential, however, and wants many more of the Marietta-built aircraft than the 183 allotted so far.
The F-22 is replacing the F-15 as the nation's top fighter, and more than 80 have been delivered. Lockheed's F-22 team won the prestigious Collier Trophy this year for the most notable achievement in aerospace.
The stealthy, highflying planes have proved virtually untouchable in war games, and a dozen Raptors were sent to Japan in February on their first overseas deployment.
Moga said many of the Raptor's aerobatic maneuvers were discovered and refined during flight tests and simulated aerial combat.
"Most of the maneuvers were developed for dogfighting," he said. "They just happen to look pretty neat and show off the plane's unique capabilities."
Larry Lawson, Lockheed's F-22 program director, said the planes racked up unprecedented 80-to-1 kill ratios last year in "Northern Edge," a massive, freewheeling war game in Alaska that used top U.S. fighters as opponents. Raptors posted similar results in the Air Force's annual "Red Flag" contest in Nevada.
"The F-22 isn't evolutionary — it's revolutionary," Lawson said. "The F-22 combines stealth with superior performance, and it fuses and shares information so that everyone else is better and more effective. It wins in any scenario."
Lawson said the Raptor has been tested more thoroughly than any other military aircraft, and that the Air Force is rethinking its tactics to take full advantage of its abilities.
"Three years ago, people were asking us to prove the airplane could meet its performance claims," he said. "Now, those questions have been answered. We're trying to figure out how best to employ those capabilities."
Marietta workers built 27 Raptors in 2006, and the current level of production is scheduled to continue through 2011. More than 1,800 jobs at Lockheed's Marietta facility are tied to the Raptor program.
Richard Aboulafia, aerospace analyst at the Teal Group, said the Air Force and Lockheed benefit from air shows — but that the gains are impossible to quantify.
"A broad audience lets people see that the F-22 is an impressive achievement," he said. "It changes the debate. Politicians find it harder to portray the plane as public enemy No. 1. There could and should be serious discussions about how many to buy and at what cost. But getting the word out to large numbers of people is something of a defensive move because it makes it harder for politicians to grandstand against it."
Raptors have "vectored thrust" that tilts their exhaust nozzles and allows the planes to make extremely sharp turns; massive control surfaces that clutch at the air so the planes can fly at remarkably slow speeds; and a pair of afterburning engines that put out a combined 70,000 pounds of thrust, enabling Raptors to climb vertically as soon as their wheels leave the ground.
Raptors have flown over major sports events and made their first air show appearances last year. But this will be the first time they perform aerobatic routines for the public.
Unusual maneuvers include "the Cobra," in which the plane in level flight abruptly pitches its nose up, far beyond vertical, slows to about 80 miles an hour, then lowers its nose and accelerates in level flight. Moga also plans to slow the Raptor to speeds commonly surpassed by I-285 drivers for "high alpha" passes with the nose raised more than 40 degrees above the horizon.
No other fighter can fly so slowly, or at such extreme angles.
"It's a very easy jet to fly," said Moga, who flew F-15s for seven years before moving to the Raptor two years ago. "It's extremely stable, and it has more power than it needs for air show flying. That makes the pilot's job a lot easier."
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