Fórum Defesa Brasil

Russia Adopts Updated Maritime Doctrine; Lists U.S., NATO As Primary Threats

Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed a decree approving an updated maritime doctrine that outlines the country's coastal borders and lists NATO and the United States as Russia's main threats.

The decree, signed during Navy Day celebrations in St. Petersburg on July 31, goes into effect immediately.

The doctrine cited the activities and potential growth of the Western NATO military alliance, the United States' alleged desire to dominate the seas, and alleged claims on Russia's territory by a number of foreign states as the primary threats to the country's security.

It also said that Moscow aims to boost its exploration and mineral exploitation of the Arctic, and to increase the potential of Russia's northern and Pacific fleets. It singled out the strategic importance of Russia's recent efforts to develop its 5,600-kilometer Northern Sea Route -- which allows container ships and other large vessels to travel along Russia's Arctic coast from Novaya Zemlya to the Bering Strait -- safe and competitive and free of ice year-round.

Addressing a large naval parade on the Neva River, Putin said that the doctrine now identifies the Arctic, Black, Okhotsk, and Bering seas, as well as the Baltic and Kuril straits, as areas of national interest.

"We will firmly provide for their protection by all means," Putin said of those bodies of water, some of whose maritime borders are disputed by Russia.

Putin stressed that the navy's ability to respond to threats with "lightning speed" was key to protecting Russia's sovereignty and freedom. The navy's coastal, surface, air, and submarine forces are at high readiness, he added, and are "constantly being improved."

Putin pledged to continue the "large-scale construction of ships and vessels, and marine scientific research programs."

He also said that the Russian Navy would receive Tsirkon hypersonic cruise missiles within the next few months.

Putin said that the Admiral Gorshkov frigate would be the first to be fitted with the newly introduced weapon, for which he claimed "no obstacles exist."

Putin added that the area of operations for the Admiral Gorshkov would be determined based on what he called Russian security interests.

The maritime doctrine was first adopted in 2001. The document was last updated in the summer of 2015 following Russia's illegal annexation of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula and amid NATO expansion efforts.

Sobre a modernização do único estaleiro que constrói fragatas com “hipersônicos”

A saga da construção congelada de uma casa de barcos para Severnaya Verf, que se arrasta desde 2017, levanta mais uma vez a questão da responsabilidade pelo resultado.

Severnaya Verf é a única fábrica de fragatas do Projeto 22350, o primeiro navio de produção do mundo com armas hipersônicas e a base de nossa frota da zona marítima distante do futuro. Essas fragatas não são instaladas desde 2020.

A construção da casa de barcos faz parte da primeira etapa de modernização do empreendimento (variantes de seus projetos estão nas fotos). A modernização permitirá ao estaleiro construir navios e embarcações maiores para clientes militares e civis.

Se falarmos sobre a Marinha, estes são porta-helicópteros/UDC promissores (ou porta-aviões UAV) e, mais importante, fragatas do Projeto 22350M (na verdade, um destruidor de mísseis nas dimensões do Arleigh Burke). Mas a deposição desses navios só será possível após a modernização do estaleiro.

1. O primeiro contrato para a construção da casa de barcos foi assinado em dezembro de 2017 sob a direção Ponomarev. A conclusão da obra estava prevista para 2019. O contrato foi rescindido e a empreiteira faliu.

2. O segundo contrato foi assinado em setembro de 2020 sob a direção do diretor Orlov. Eles planejavam concluir a obra em 2021. O contrato foi rescindido e a empreiteira faliu.

3. O terceiro contrato foi celebrado em dezembro de 2021. Eles planejavam concluir a obra em 2022. O contrato foi rescindido.

● O atual diretor do estaleiro, Nenyukov, disse em 29 de março de 2024 que a construção da casa de barcos estava congelada.
● Ao mesmo tempo, expressou esperança de que o trabalho fosse descongelado. Não há outros detalhes.
● Em vez de dois anos, a casa de barcos está sendo construída para o sétimo ano.
● E, imagine, ninguém foi questionado “pelo resultado”.

The Russian fleet looking to aquire laser weapons

Enemy drones, sea and air, are recognized as the main threat to the Russian Navy. To fight against them, new types of weapons are being developed, said the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Vladimir Kasatonov.

New radars are being developed that can see small targets. The ships will be equipped with electronic warfare systems that jam GPS and Starlink. Drones will be fully installed on ships. There will be both scout and attack versions. In addition, drones with radio jamming systems are being developed.

The development of naval air defense systems with laser systems is already underway. It is planned to use such lasers against enemy drones. In the future, their functions will be expanded to anti-missile defense and destruction of kamikaze boats.