MARINHA INDIANA

[eu sou eu]

A Marinha indiana ficara bem servida de Naes.

Vessel Type: Air Defence Ship, Project 71.

Future Commissions: Vikrant; Laid Down - 07 October 2005, Launch - 2009, Commissioning - 2012.

Displacement: 37,500 tons - standard displacement.
....................40,000 tons - full load (estimation).

Dimensions: Length - 252 meters.
.................Beam - 58 meters.
.................Draught - 8.4 meters.
.................Depth - 25.6 meters.
.................Flight Deck - 2.5 acres.

Main Machinery: The vessel will be powered by four General Electric LM 2500 gas turbines, generating a total power of 80 MW (~ 120,000 hp).

Maximum Speed: 28 knots.

Logistic Endurance: 45 days.

Maximum Range: 7500 nautical miles @ 18 knots.

Complement: 1400 personnel (incl. 160 officers).









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Vessel Type: Aircraft Carrier.

Names & Pennant Number with Commission Date:
INS Viraat R22 (former HMS Hermes R12) - 20 May 1987.

Structure: The vessel has been fitted with a 12º ski jump to operate the Sea Harrier, a reinforced flight deck, 1.2 inches of armour over magazines and machinery spaces. The magazine capacity includes 80+ lightweight torpedoes. The vessel retains commando transport capability, for around 750 troops and carries four LCVP landing craft aft.

Displacement: 23,900 tons standard and 28,700 tons full load.

Dimensions: Length - 226.5 metres.
.................Beam - 48.78 metres.
.................Draught - 8.8 metres.

Main Machinery: Has four boilers with 400 psi. Also has two geared steam turbine engines with 76,000 shp and two shafts.

Maximum Speed: 28 knots.

Maximum Range: 6500 miles at 14 knots.

Complement: 1350 (incl. 143 Officers with the air group)

Air Group: Fleet Defense; Sea Harrier Frs Mk.51 (Capacity for 30)
..............Airborne Early Warning; Ka-31 Helix-B (By 2001)
..............ASW/ASV; Sea King Mk.42B and Ka-28 Helix-A
..............Cdo. Assault & Vertrep*; Sea King Mk.42C
*Vertical Replinshment

Radar: Air Search; One Bharat/Signaal RAWL 02 radar at C/D-band frequency.
.........Air/Surface Search; One RAWS 08 radar at E-band frequency.
.........Navigation; Two Bharat Rashmi radars at I-band frequency.
.........Fire Control; Refer to 'Weapons' sub-section.
.........Tacan; FT 13-S/M

Sonar: One Graseby Type 184M hull-mounted sonar, with active search & attack capability from 6-9 khz.

Combat Data System: Italian Elmar communication suites have been fitted. CAAIS action data automation; Link 10. Has SATCOM systems on-board.

Weapons: The Israeli Barak SAM system has been fitted, with fire control provided by an EL/M-2221 STGR radar. Two 40mm Bofors guns are used for air defense and were accompanied by a pair of 30mm AK-230 gatling guns (for protection against anti-ship missiles) till the latter was replaced by the Barak system. Fire control for the Bofors and AK-230 guns, which were installed in 1996, were provided by a pair of Plessey Type 904 radars at I/J-band frequency. One of these radars has since been replaced with the installation of the EL/M-2221 STGR radar.

Countermeasures: A Bharat Ajanta ESM is used for intercept purposes. Two Knebworth Corvus chaff launchers are used as decoys.

Comments: INS Viraat was originally commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Hermes on 18 November 1959 and she served as the flagship of the Royal Navy's taskforce in the 1982 Falklands conflict. She served with the Royal Navy until 12 April 1984 and was then stricken from active duty in 1985. On 24 April 1986, the Indian Navy purchased the vessel and gave it an extensive refit at the Davenport Dockyard, which gave it a life-extension refit of 10 years. This refit included new fire control equipment, navigation radars and deck landing aids. Boilers were converted to take distillate fuel and the ship was given improved NBC protection. The engine room was flooded in September 1993, which put the vessel out of service for several months. By 1995, the vessel was back in service and had a new search radar.

INS Viraat completed another life-extension refit beginning in July 1999 and ending in April 2001, which is expected to extend her serviceability till 2010. This refit included upgrading propulsion systems, a package of sensors to sound emergency alerts, a modern communication system, a long-range surveillance radar, new weapon systems, new hangar fire curtains, a revamped lift system to reduce reaction time in the event of an attack and a new flood alarm system. The vessel underwent sea trials in December 2000 and finally returned to service in early June 2001 after nearly two years in refit. The vessel also took part in the International Fleet Review in Mumbai on 17 February 2001. The vessel had to be towed back to dry dock for another refit in mid-2003 and returned to service only in November 2004, during








[img]Vessel Type: Aircraft Carrier.

Future Commissions: Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorskhov) - 2009.

Displacement: 44,570 tons.

Dimensions: Length - Not Known.
.................Beam - Not Known.
.................Draught - Not Known.

Complement: Not Known.

Originally built as the modified Kiev (Krechyet) Class (Type 1143.4) carrier Baku, she is the last in the series of four Project 1143 air defence ships, officially known as aviation cruisers. The vessel was designed by St. Petersburg's Nevskoye Design Bureau, led by Vassily Anikeyev as a VSTOL (Vertical Short Take-Off and Landing) carrier. She was laid down at the Chernomorsky Shipyard, Nikolayev in December 1978 and was launched on 31 March 1982. Some reports indicate the ship was launched on 17 April 1982. The ship was commissioned in December 1987 (some reports indicate January 1987), nine years after its building started, following sea trials which began in June 1986. The Baku was later renamed as the Admiral Flota Sovietskogo Sojuza Gorshkov (later changed to Admiral Gorshkov) to honour the Russian Navy's and arguably the modern world's greatest






diferente dos governantes brasileiros, os indianos não perdem tempo, nem ficam de boca aberta, esperando uma doação, eles arregaçam as mangas, encaram as dificuldades, e ai estão os resultados, isso, sem contar que a India, tirando os custumes e tradições tem os mesmos problemos, por que passam os brasileiros, miséria, fome, analfabetismo, os ricos mais ricos, os pobres mais pobres, e catastrofes naturais, mesmo assim sua marinha é bem equipada, não usam a disculpa sic.. da eterna falta de verbas, ou sera má vontade politica. mais informações no site


http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Link4.html

[The Baaz]

É que os indianos ao contrário dos Brasileiros tem Paquistão e China no lado de casa para se encomodar.

[VICTOR]

Há um tópico anterior sobre o ADS

[P44]

Fonte: Globalsecurity.org

INS vikramaditya


Specifications
Designer: Nevskoye Planning and Design Bureau
Builder: Chernomorsky [Nikolayev South]
Displacement (tons): 38,000 tons standard
45,000-45,500 tons full load
Speed (kts): 32 knots
Dimensions (m): 257.0 meters long waterline
274.0 meters long overall
32.7 meters waterline beam
53.0 meters flight deck width
9.5 meters draft standard
12.0 meters draft mean full load
Propulsion: 8 turbopressurized boilers
4 steam turbines; 200,000 shp
4 shafts
Crew: 1,200-1,600 (including air group)
Armament:
Missiles: none [a SAM system?]
Guns: none
Torpedoes: none
Aircraft: 16 MiG-29K fighter jets
up to 10 helicopters mix of
Ka-28 ASW helicopters
Ka-31 AEW helicopters

R Vikramaditya
[ex-Gorshkov]
Aircraft Carrier
The exAdmiral Gorshkov is expected to be handed over to the Indian Navy in August 2008. There are reports that the vessel will be renamed as INS Vikramaditya, though this in not confirmed from official sources.

Chandragupta II (380 to 413 AD) tried to be better than his father Samudragupta, and most historians agree, he was certainly successful. Vikramaditya is THE LEGENDARY emperor of India. More stories/legends are associated with him than any other ruler of India. It was during his (and his son Kumargupta) reign, India was at the pinnacle of prosperity and opulence. Although named after his grandfather Chandragupta, he took a title of Vikramaditya, which became a synonym for sovereign of tremendous power and wealth. This title was later taken up by scores of other sovereign rulers of India.

Vikramaditya succeeded his father Samudragupta (possibly there was another prince, or his elder brother who ruled briefly, and according to legends slayed by Shakas), and carried on the policy of `world conquest' of his predecessors. Vikramaditya's reign was perhaps THE most prosperous and progressive reign in the ENTIRE Indian history. The

Negotiations between Russia and India began in 1994 for the sale of the Admiral Gorshkov, which had been inactive since 1991. In 1998, India and Russia agreed in principle on the sale of the Admiral Gorshkov. India would get the hull for free, but would finance the refurbishing of the warship by Russia's defense industry.

On 11 January 1999 Indian Minister of Defense George Fernandes acknowledged that agreement had been reached on the sale. But it took another five years to work finalize a price and terms. The Gorshkov reportedly would be extensively modified at a cost of between $500-650 million to accommodate conventional take-off and landing aircraft [possibly either the Su-27K Flanker-D or the smaller MiG-29K Fulcrum-D]. The refit would include addition of a bow ski-jump take-off ramp, and removal of the missile launchers to make room for the ramp. The refit at Severodvinsk was expected to take up to three years. As of early 2001 negotiations continued, with Russia offering to donate the ship itself if India paid the conversion costs [which India was reluctant to do]. By late 2000 India had rejected the Russian offer of 22 new MiG-29K shipboard fighters, which remained unproven for naval service.

On 20 January 2004, it was announced that India and Russia had signed a $1.6 billion deal finalizing the sale of the Admiral Gorshkov to India. According to the deal, half of the money would spent at the Northern machine-building factory in Severodvinsk, to refurbish the carrier with the other half being spent on MIG 29-K fighter jets and anti-submarine helicopters. When the ship was part of the Soviet fleet, it used vertical take-off aircraft. Now it will use MiG-29K planes, and the deck must be refurbished to accommodate the installation of a landing strip and a catapult. The rest of the money is going to the acquisition of 16 MiG-29K fighter jets, and up to 10 helicopters that can fit onto the ship. Gorshkov is slated to join the Indian navy in 2008 after a refit. The Navy looke at equipping the carrier Gorshkov (INS Vikramaditya) with the E- 2C, but decided not to.

The navy agreed to buy the Russian aircraft carrier, the Admiral Gorshkov, for a nominal fee. But it requires a $670m refit and will eventually have between 18 to 20 Mig 29 fighters which will cost in excess of $1bn. Gorshkov, which is slated to join the Indian navy in May 2008 after a refit.

The conversion plans for the aircraft carrier see all the armament, including the P-500 Bazalt cruise missile launchers and the four Antey Kinzhal surface-to-air missile launchers fitted on the front of the carrier, removed to make way for a 14.3º bow ski-jump. Two restraining stands will also be fitted, allowing combat aircraft to reach full power before making a ski-jump-assisted short take-off. The ability to launch only one aircraft at a time, might prove to be a hindrance. Under the modernization plan, the 20-ton capacity elevator beside the ship's island superstructure will remain unchanged, but the aft lift will be enlarged and its lift capacity increased to 30 tons. Three arresting gears would be fitted on the aft part of the angled deck. Navigation and carrier-landing aids would be refitted to support fixed-wing STOBAR (Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) operations including the LAK optical-landing system.

The eight boilers are being renewed and converted to take diesel fuel instead of furnace fuel oil and modern oil-water separators as well as sewage treatment plant are being incorporated to meet international standards. She is also being fitted with six new Italian-made Wärtsilä 1.5 MW diesel generators, Global Marine communications system, Sperry Bridgemaster navigation radar, a new telephone exchange, new data link and IFF Mk XI system.

Hotel services are being improved with new water-producing plants as well as York International refrigeration and air conditioning. A new galley is being installed together with improved domestic services and accommodation for 10 female officers.

Though the official expected life span of the ship is 20 years, experts suggest it could actually be a minimum of 30 years from the time of commissioning. On completion of the modernisation, 70 per cent of the ship and its equipment will be new and remainder will have been refurbished.

[Rui Elias Maltez]

Só não entendo como é que a Rússia constroi bons PA's para fora e fragatas e destroieres para exportação que são do melhor (mesmo em remos de design) e para ela própria, nada que se veja.

Um país sem capacidade marítima de projecção nunca passará de uma simples potência regional.

Mas é como se costuma dizer:

"Em casa de ferreiro, espeto de pau".
______________

Relativamente à Índia, é uma potência emergente que está a construir uma capacidade militar notável, ao nível da China, daqui a uns tempos.

A menos que a China descanse no seu arsenal nuclear.

[P44]

Imagens do INS VIRAAT, da Revista "Marine et Navires", edição Abril-Maio 2006 (C)

[Rui Elias Maltez]

Bela força embarcada

[Rui Elias Maltez]

É esse um dos que será substituido até 2010?

[P44]

É esse um dos que será substituido até 2010?

Sim, Rui , conforme o JLRC escreveu no tópico do ex-Gorshkov:

O que está previsto é o Gorshkov substituir o Viraat e depois serem contruidos dois ADS e mais tarde um terceiro para substituir o Gorshkov

.

De referir que este é o ex- HMS Hermes, veterano da Guerra das Malvinas, e o único PA Indiano, tendo substituido o VIkrant (o tal da invasão de Goa)

[pt]

O Vikrant e o Viirat estiveram ao serviço simultaneamente por alguns (poucos) anos. Pelo menos desde que o Viraat/Hermes chegou até 1997. Ao que parece o Vikrant (da familia do A-11 Minas Gerais) foi transformado provisóriamente em Museu.

Os planos da marinha da India, portanto devem prever a existência de dois porta-aviões ao serviço.

Cumpts.

[P44]

O Vikrant e o Viirat estiveram ao serviço simultaneamente por alguns (poucos) anos. Pelo menos desde que o Viraat/Hermes chegou até 1997. Ao que parece o Vikrant (da familia do A-11 Minas Gerais) foi transformado provisóriamente em Museu.

Segundo li na "Marine & Navires", o Vikrant é actualmente um Museu Flutuante, em Mumbai (antiga Bombaim)

INS Vikrant has been converted into a naval museum

Naval museums give glimpse of maritime history
Trilochan Singh Trewn

(...)



With the decommissioning of India’s first aircraft carrier INS Vikrant in 1997, the clamour for converting the same into a naval museum got louder. The majestic ship has steamed a total of 4,99,066 nautical miles, about 15 times around the world. Finally, with the cooperation of the Maharashtra Government, the 220-metre-long Vikrant has been towed close to the oyster rock, off the Colaba causeway, Mumbai, and converted into a permanent naval museum. The main public attraction of Vikrant is the flat, expansive length and breadth of the flight deck, deck-landing mirrors costing crores each, a giant hanger lift which can lift hundreds of persons at one time and the ski jump arrangement fitted in lieu of landing and arresting gear on the flight deck. Further additions to these are likely.

http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/200207 ... /main2.htm

The INS Vikrant, India's first aircraft carrier, was decommissioned in late 1997. She is now berthed at the naval docks in Mumbai after being refitted as an impressive maritime museum. This battleship has exclusively served the Indian Navy even though she was built for the Royal Navy as the HMS Hercules. As Hercules, the carrier was laid up for 10 years before India purchased her in January 1957.



Photographs: Jewella C Miranda

http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/08vik1.htm

[Rui Elias Maltez]

Pleo menos esse países preservam o património naval, que é parte integrante da sua história.

Um exemplo que teima em não ser seguido pela nossa Marinha que deixa que a perservação das plataformas dependa da vontade da sociedade civil.

Nem ao menos, partes dessas plataformas.