Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
Até a Coréia do Norte tem seu VLS funcional e a gente não.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uv2F64FgbE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uv2F64FgbE
"Eu detestaria estar no lugar de quem me venceu."
Darcy Ribeiro (1922 - 1997)
Darcy Ribeiro (1922 - 1997)
- joao fernando
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
E quem repassa a tecnologia pra eles?
Obrigado Lulinha por melar o Gripen-NG
- LeandroGCard
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
A melhor fonte de tecnologias com que um país pode contar: O cérebro de seus engenheiros .joao fernando escreveu:E quem repassa a tecnologia pra eles?
Leandro G. Card
- akivrx78
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
A Coreia do Sul acusou os russos de fornecerem tecnologia para a CN os russos intimaram os sul coreanos a pedirem desculpas pelas acusações, ameaçando a parar de fornecer motores para o foguete sul coreano.joao fernando escreveu:E quem repassa a tecnologia pra eles?
http://jp.sputniknews.com/politics/2016 ... 86313.html
- akivrx78
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyDzayX4_uw#t=915
Japão lança satélite para observação de buracos negros
17 fev 2016
O Japão lançou nesta quarta-feira ao espaço, com sucesso, o satélite astronômico Astro-H, projetado para observar os raios-X emanados por buracos negros e agrupamentos de galáxias.
O satélite foi lançado a bordo de um foguete H-2A às 17h45 local (6h45, em Brasília) desde a estação espacial situada na ilha de Tanegashima, na Prefeitura de Kagoshima (sudoeste do país).
O lançamento estava originalmente previsto para 12 de fevereiro, mas teve que ser cancelado devido às más condições meteorológicas.
Com este são 24 lançamentos bem-sucedidos consecutivos do H2-A, desenvolvido pela Agência de Exploração Aeroespacial do Japão (JAXA) e a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
O Astro-H tem cerca de 14 metros de comprimento e pesa 2,7 toneladas, o que o transforma no satélite mais pesado lançado até agora pelo Japão.
O dispositivo, fabricado pela JAXA, Nasa e outras instituições, orbitará a cerca de 580 quilômetros de altura e observará buracos negros e agrupamentos galáticos distantes através de seus detectores de raios gama e quatro telescópios de raios-X.
Entre estes destaca-se o "Microcalorímetro de raios X", um instrumento de última geração que ostenta o maior espectro para observar raios X no espaço projetado até o momento.
Os cientistas esperam começar a obter dados a grande escala a partir do próximo verão.
Japão lança satélite para observação de buracos negros
17 fev 2016
O Japão lançou nesta quarta-feira ao espaço, com sucesso, o satélite astronômico Astro-H, projetado para observar os raios-X emanados por buracos negros e agrupamentos de galáxias.
O satélite foi lançado a bordo de um foguete H-2A às 17h45 local (6h45, em Brasília) desde a estação espacial situada na ilha de Tanegashima, na Prefeitura de Kagoshima (sudoeste do país).
O lançamento estava originalmente previsto para 12 de fevereiro, mas teve que ser cancelado devido às más condições meteorológicas.
Com este são 24 lançamentos bem-sucedidos consecutivos do H2-A, desenvolvido pela Agência de Exploração Aeroespacial do Japão (JAXA) e a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
O Astro-H tem cerca de 14 metros de comprimento e pesa 2,7 toneladas, o que o transforma no satélite mais pesado lançado até agora pelo Japão.
O dispositivo, fabricado pela JAXA, Nasa e outras instituições, orbitará a cerca de 580 quilômetros de altura e observará buracos negros e agrupamentos galáticos distantes através de seus detectores de raios gama e quatro telescópios de raios-X.
Entre estes destaca-se o "Microcalorímetro de raios X", um instrumento de última geração que ostenta o maior espectro para observar raios X no espaço projetado até o momento.
Os cientistas esperam começar a obter dados a grande escala a partir do próximo verão.
- akivrx78
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
Is China's race to space a military ploy?
Clay Dillow, special to CNBC.com
11 Hours Ago
China plans to launch more than 20 space missions in 2016, making the year ahead the busiest ever for the nation's rapidly growing space program.
After successfully launching 19 missions in 2015, the People's Republic plans a range of civilian and military missions that will test new rockets, launch a space laboratory, hone China's manned spaceflight capability and loft new satellites into orbit — all while furthering plans to bring a habitable space station online by 2022 and put Chinese astronauts on the moon in the mid-2020s.
At the same time, the Asian colossus is investing in anti-satellite technologies that would destroy or disable space-based assets in the event of conflict. Considering the fact that the U.S. relies upon satellites for a lot of its intelligence collection and communication, it's a worrisome trend.
And it is exacerbating tensions with U.S. defense officials and security analysts concerned by China's focus on enhancing its military capabilities in space.
Behind the red curtain
Right now China spends $2 billion to $3 billion on its space program annually, a fraction of the $19 billion NASA will spend this year. Although China remains decades behind the U.S. in terms of space technology and know-how, it has managed to fast-forward innovation by leveraging existing technologies and its inexpensive labor and material markets.
The strategy is working: Over the last 15 years, it's been able to start closing the gap with U.S. and Russian rivals — likely helped along by funding from the Chinese military.
The accelerating tempo of China's civilian space activities now presents a further threat to U.S. space dominance. The fear is that at some point in the foreseeable future, the Chinese could overtake — and even rocket past — the U.S. industry.
"You've got this combination of civilian projects for prestige and military projects for power," said James Andrew Lewis, a senior fellow and director of the Strategic Technologies Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). "It shows that the Chinese are moving to be a leader in space — if not the leader."
Among the 20-plus launches scheduled for this year are maiden flights of China's Long March 7 and Long March 5 rockets, the latter being its heaviest and most technically sophisticated rocket to date.
China will launch communications and Earth-imaging satellites into orbit for Argentina and Belarus (marking the first time China has exported a satellite to Europe) as well as several satellites of its own. At least two scientific satellites, two navigation satellites and three spacecraft to augment China's High-Resolution Earth Observation System are slated for launch before the end of the year.
The most visible and most ambitious mission will launch in the second half of the year, when a Long March 2F rocket sends the Shenzhou XI spacecraft and its crew of three astronauts to dock with China's Tiangong 2 space laboratory, a habitable module that will launch into orbit separately sometime in the first half of the year.
Tiangong 2, while not designed for long-term habitation, is an important steppingstone toward building a Chinese space station that can be inhabited long term, similar to Russia's Mir or the International Space Station.
The Shenzhou XI mission will allow Chinese scientists to research technologies and identify potential engineering flaws or other issues before launching the core module of its permanent space station sometime later this decade. If the schedule holds, China hopes to have its very own space station online by 2022 — a space station that some security analysts worry could be used for military applications.
The Shenzhou 9 manned spacecraft, Long March 2F rocket and escape tower wait to be transferred to the launchpad at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Gansu province June 9, 2012.
Those missions will join an already lengthy Chinese mission portfolio as several ongoing science and technology programs launched in previous years continue to progress. Those missions include a lunar orbiter that is presently scouting locations for a future robotic landing on the lunar surface (likely in 2017) that will pave the way for Chinese astronauts to land on the moon by the mid-2020s — a feat that would make China the only nation capable of putting astronauts on the moon a full five decades after Americans terminated the Apollo program.
"The significance of all this is that China clearly intends to have a competitive space capability," said Dr. John Logsdon, a space policy expert and professor emeritus at George Washington University. If the Chinese hit all the milestones they've set for themselves, they'll still be where the U.S. and Soviets were three decades ago, but they'll also have ticked many of the boxes on the modern space-power checklist.
"These are steps in the logical development of a highly capable space program," Logsdon noted. "They're not successes or milestones to get worried about as long as our own program moves forward."
"You've got this combination of civilian projects for prestige and military projects for power." -James Andrew Lewis, director, Strategic Technologies Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies
Given the huge lead the U.S. enjoys over China in space in the entire spectrum of technology and capability, the notion of China's space program leapfrogging the United States' in the foreseeable future is somewhat alarmist, Logsdon said. But the fact that China's civilian space program is so closely linked to its military space activity is worrisome, particularly for the U.S.
Alongside its civilian and scientific space programs, China has invested heavily in anti-satellite technologies that would destroy or disable space-based assets in the event of conflict — weapons like ground-based missiles capable of destroying targets in orbit, as well as experimental lasers and signal jammers that could disable or otherwise "blind" satellites that can be used in a military conflict.
In 2007, China publicly demonstrated one such weapon by launching a ground-based interceptor missile at one of its own defunct satellites in orbit, destroying it (and creating a cloud of dangerous space debris). The test was largely viewed as a shot across the bow for U.S. military planners that rely heavily on military satellites for everything from navigation and communication to intelligence gathering, weapons targeting and piloting its drone aircraft.
While the Pentagon retains its own means of interfering with an adversary's satellites in orbit — including ship-based anti-satellite missiles — U.S. military and commercial interests maintain a far greater presence in orbit and thus have the most assets to lose there.
"There are a lot of avenues to go after satellites, and what worries people is that the Chinese are pursuing all of them," CSIS's Lewis said. "The question becomes: If they're so into peace, why are they building so many weapons?"
What lies ahead?
The uptick in Chinese space activity has political ramifications as well, Lewis said, even on the purely civilian side of things. In the last space race, putting astronauts on the moon represented the pinnacle of space-based capability, catapulting the U.S. ahead of the Soviet Union in terms of international prestige.
With the U.S. space program now focused on abstract goals like a manned mission to Mars at some vague point in the future, China is making concrete plans to return humans to the moon at a time when U.S. astronauts rely on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft for rides to the International Space Station.
"The Chinese are persistent and will probably get back on the moon before we do, so in round two of the space race, we come in second place," Lewis said. "When China lands on the moon and we aren't there, what's the world going to think?"
But the Chinese space program still remains several years away from doing so, and in the meantime, its increasing presence in space also creates room for cooperation if China and the U.S. can push past their mutual distrust on national security matters. While the military aspects of Chinese space ambitions need to be monitored and understood, Logsdon said, the best way to do that is to engage with the Chinese and their space program.
"We can get more done if countries in space work together," he said. "The days of one country being the dominant space power are behind us."
By Clay Dillow, special to CNBC.com
http://www.cnbc.com/2016/02/18/chinas-s ... tions.html
Clay Dillow, special to CNBC.com
11 Hours Ago
China plans to launch more than 20 space missions in 2016, making the year ahead the busiest ever for the nation's rapidly growing space program.
After successfully launching 19 missions in 2015, the People's Republic plans a range of civilian and military missions that will test new rockets, launch a space laboratory, hone China's manned spaceflight capability and loft new satellites into orbit — all while furthering plans to bring a habitable space station online by 2022 and put Chinese astronauts on the moon in the mid-2020s.
At the same time, the Asian colossus is investing in anti-satellite technologies that would destroy or disable space-based assets in the event of conflict. Considering the fact that the U.S. relies upon satellites for a lot of its intelligence collection and communication, it's a worrisome trend.
And it is exacerbating tensions with U.S. defense officials and security analysts concerned by China's focus on enhancing its military capabilities in space.
Behind the red curtain
Right now China spends $2 billion to $3 billion on its space program annually, a fraction of the $19 billion NASA will spend this year. Although China remains decades behind the U.S. in terms of space technology and know-how, it has managed to fast-forward innovation by leveraging existing technologies and its inexpensive labor and material markets.
The strategy is working: Over the last 15 years, it's been able to start closing the gap with U.S. and Russian rivals — likely helped along by funding from the Chinese military.
The accelerating tempo of China's civilian space activities now presents a further threat to U.S. space dominance. The fear is that at some point in the foreseeable future, the Chinese could overtake — and even rocket past — the U.S. industry.
"You've got this combination of civilian projects for prestige and military projects for power," said James Andrew Lewis, a senior fellow and director of the Strategic Technologies Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). "It shows that the Chinese are moving to be a leader in space — if not the leader."
Among the 20-plus launches scheduled for this year are maiden flights of China's Long March 7 and Long March 5 rockets, the latter being its heaviest and most technically sophisticated rocket to date.
China will launch communications and Earth-imaging satellites into orbit for Argentina and Belarus (marking the first time China has exported a satellite to Europe) as well as several satellites of its own. At least two scientific satellites, two navigation satellites and three spacecraft to augment China's High-Resolution Earth Observation System are slated for launch before the end of the year.
The most visible and most ambitious mission will launch in the second half of the year, when a Long March 2F rocket sends the Shenzhou XI spacecraft and its crew of three astronauts to dock with China's Tiangong 2 space laboratory, a habitable module that will launch into orbit separately sometime in the first half of the year.
Tiangong 2, while not designed for long-term habitation, is an important steppingstone toward building a Chinese space station that can be inhabited long term, similar to Russia's Mir or the International Space Station.
The Shenzhou XI mission will allow Chinese scientists to research technologies and identify potential engineering flaws or other issues before launching the core module of its permanent space station sometime later this decade. If the schedule holds, China hopes to have its very own space station online by 2022 — a space station that some security analysts worry could be used for military applications.
The Shenzhou 9 manned spacecraft, Long March 2F rocket and escape tower wait to be transferred to the launchpad at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Gansu province June 9, 2012.
Those missions will join an already lengthy Chinese mission portfolio as several ongoing science and technology programs launched in previous years continue to progress. Those missions include a lunar orbiter that is presently scouting locations for a future robotic landing on the lunar surface (likely in 2017) that will pave the way for Chinese astronauts to land on the moon by the mid-2020s — a feat that would make China the only nation capable of putting astronauts on the moon a full five decades after Americans terminated the Apollo program.
"The significance of all this is that China clearly intends to have a competitive space capability," said Dr. John Logsdon, a space policy expert and professor emeritus at George Washington University. If the Chinese hit all the milestones they've set for themselves, they'll still be where the U.S. and Soviets were three decades ago, but they'll also have ticked many of the boxes on the modern space-power checklist.
"These are steps in the logical development of a highly capable space program," Logsdon noted. "They're not successes or milestones to get worried about as long as our own program moves forward."
"You've got this combination of civilian projects for prestige and military projects for power." -James Andrew Lewis, director, Strategic Technologies Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies
Given the huge lead the U.S. enjoys over China in space in the entire spectrum of technology and capability, the notion of China's space program leapfrogging the United States' in the foreseeable future is somewhat alarmist, Logsdon said. But the fact that China's civilian space program is so closely linked to its military space activity is worrisome, particularly for the U.S.
Alongside its civilian and scientific space programs, China has invested heavily in anti-satellite technologies that would destroy or disable space-based assets in the event of conflict — weapons like ground-based missiles capable of destroying targets in orbit, as well as experimental lasers and signal jammers that could disable or otherwise "blind" satellites that can be used in a military conflict.
In 2007, China publicly demonstrated one such weapon by launching a ground-based interceptor missile at one of its own defunct satellites in orbit, destroying it (and creating a cloud of dangerous space debris). The test was largely viewed as a shot across the bow for U.S. military planners that rely heavily on military satellites for everything from navigation and communication to intelligence gathering, weapons targeting and piloting its drone aircraft.
While the Pentagon retains its own means of interfering with an adversary's satellites in orbit — including ship-based anti-satellite missiles — U.S. military and commercial interests maintain a far greater presence in orbit and thus have the most assets to lose there.
"There are a lot of avenues to go after satellites, and what worries people is that the Chinese are pursuing all of them," CSIS's Lewis said. "The question becomes: If they're so into peace, why are they building so many weapons?"
What lies ahead?
The uptick in Chinese space activity has political ramifications as well, Lewis said, even on the purely civilian side of things. In the last space race, putting astronauts on the moon represented the pinnacle of space-based capability, catapulting the U.S. ahead of the Soviet Union in terms of international prestige.
With the U.S. space program now focused on abstract goals like a manned mission to Mars at some vague point in the future, China is making concrete plans to return humans to the moon at a time when U.S. astronauts rely on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft for rides to the International Space Station.
"The Chinese are persistent and will probably get back on the moon before we do, so in round two of the space race, we come in second place," Lewis said. "When China lands on the moon and we aren't there, what's the world going to think?"
But the Chinese space program still remains several years away from doing so, and in the meantime, its increasing presence in space also creates room for cooperation if China and the U.S. can push past their mutual distrust on national security matters. While the military aspects of Chinese space ambitions need to be monitored and understood, Logsdon said, the best way to do that is to engage with the Chinese and their space program.
"We can get more done if countries in space work together," he said. "The days of one country being the dominant space power are behind us."
By Clay Dillow, special to CNBC.com
http://www.cnbc.com/2016/02/18/chinas-s ... tions.html
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
SpaceX tenta nova aterragem depois de reabastecimento da Estação Espacial
http://tek.sapo.pt/multimedia/artigo/sp ... 34ukb.html
edit.: Pousou.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPGUQySBikQ
http://tek.sapo.pt/multimedia/artigo/sp ... 34ukb.html
edit.: Pousou.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPGUQySBikQ
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
É sem dúvida um feito muito impressionante.Grifon escreveu:SpaceX tenta nova aterragem depois de reabastecimento da Estação Espacial
http://tek.sapo.pt/multimedia/artigo/sp ... 34ukb.html
edit.: Pousou.
E o mar não estava para almirante não.
Leandro G. Card
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
Fale mais sobre os custos Leandro. Um descartável não custa mais barato?LeandroGCard escreveu:É sem dúvida um feito muito impressionante.Grifon escreveu:SpaceX tenta nova aterragem depois de reabastecimento da Estação Espacial
http://tek.sapo.pt/multimedia/artigo/sp ... 34ukb.html
edit.: Pousou.
E o mar não estava para almirante não.
Leandro G. Card
Obrigado Lulinha por melar o Gripen-NG
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
No caso dos ônibus espaciais sim, sem dúvida, a conclusão final foi que seria muito mais barato usar lançadores descartáveis até mesmo para os boosters de combustível sólido, tanto que o conceito dos veículos reutilizáveis foi abandonado pela NASA para seus próximos veículos lançadores.joao fernando escreveu:Fale mais sobre os custos Leandro. Um descartável não custa mais barato?
Mas aquele era um caso muito específico, devido às enormes restrições de segurança dos ônibus espaciais e a tentativa dos EUA de otimizar o projeto ao máximo, para garantir a maior carga útil possível. Por isso o veículo era muito complicado, principalmente seus motores, e a revisão acabava sendo absurdamente demorada e cara. Chegou-se a pensar em trocar os motores SSME pelos descartáveis R-68 do foguete Delta-IV, mas a modificação seria muito complicada e não valia mais à pena já que os veículos estavam com data de aposentadoria marcada.
Já no caso da Space-X o foguete não tem pretensão de ser man-rated (pelo menos não todas as unidades), o que já simplifica em muito as exigências de segurança e consequentemente a complexidade. E os motores Merlin são muito menores e mais simples, com ciclo aberto e injeção tipo "pintle" ao invés de ciclo fechado e placa injetora como no SSME (ambos simplificando em muito a manutenção), e operam com boa margem de segurança nominal. Além disso, com 9 motores no primeiro estágio o foguete pode continuar a missão mesmo que um deles falhe, dependendo do momento em que a falha ocorra, então os riscos de usar motores "recauchutados" é mais gerenciável.
Por tudo isso é possível que no caso do Falcon-9 o custo de reaproveitar pelo menos algumas das peças dos foguetes acabe sendo mais baixo do que construir tudo desde o zero (sem falar da revenda de alguns dos materiais nobres usados como sucata, o que também pode render uma certa grana). A empresa espera conseguir uma economia de alguns pontos por cento no seu custo de lançamento reaproveitando o que for possível sem aumentar o riscos. Mas isso ainda não é certeza, o futuro dirá.
Leandro G. Card
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
Legal isso ai, mas tenho as dúvidas rsss
Obrigado
Obrigado
Obrigado Lulinha por melar o Gripen-NG
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
Sobre esses custos, tenho curiosidade de ver dados mais concretos...
"Quando um rico rouba, vira ministro" (Lula, 1988)
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Re: Notícias Espaciais (mundo afora)
Bem, os valores exatos de cada situação eu não tenho, embora até tenha visto sim alguns em várias mídias, mas não me dei ao trabalho de compilar.
Mas sei que a coisa pode ser bem complicada de calcular, porque muitos valores são estimativos e outros são muito difíceis de contabilizar. Mesmo a NASA e as empresas não tem muita ideia, já que muitos dos trabalhos de avaliação de componentes usados e reforma foram contratados ou pelo menos cotados como casos pontuais, e não como serviços recorrente que teria custos muito mais baixos. A NASA obteve dados mais "reais" no caso dos ônibus espaciais, mas como o ritmo dos lançamentos foi uma fração do inicialmente programado os custos também não foram os que se deveria obter em um programa que tivesse andado como previsto.
Outro ponto complicado é que se você reaproveita componentes então reduz a sua escala de produção, e com menor escala o custo dos componentes novos tende a subir. É muito difícil encontrar onde fica o ponto de equilíbrio para poder decidir se seria melhor fabricar ou reaproveitar em um ramo onde o ritmo de lançamentos é incerto e pode variar enormemente de um ano para outro.
Leandro G. Card
Mas sei que a coisa pode ser bem complicada de calcular, porque muitos valores são estimativos e outros são muito difíceis de contabilizar. Mesmo a NASA e as empresas não tem muita ideia, já que muitos dos trabalhos de avaliação de componentes usados e reforma foram contratados ou pelo menos cotados como casos pontuais, e não como serviços recorrente que teria custos muito mais baixos. A NASA obteve dados mais "reais" no caso dos ônibus espaciais, mas como o ritmo dos lançamentos foi uma fração do inicialmente programado os custos também não foram os que se deveria obter em um programa que tivesse andado como previsto.
Outro ponto complicado é que se você reaproveita componentes então reduz a sua escala de produção, e com menor escala o custo dos componentes novos tende a subir. É muito difícil encontrar onde fica o ponto de equilíbrio para poder decidir se seria melhor fabricar ou reaproveitar em um ramo onde o ritmo de lançamentos é incerto e pode variar enormemente de um ano para outro.
Leandro G. Card
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