Marinha da República Popular da China (PLAN)

[P44]

Impressionante é o número diferente de classes de navios que constroem em simultâneo!

[crubens]

É pra tirar o atraso,

[LeandroGCard]

Impressionante é o número diferente de classes de navios que constroem em simultâneo!

E qual seria o problema com isso?

Mantendo os equipamentos padronizados, o gasto a mais que eles tem em engenharia não é tão grande assim (basicamente o projeto de arquitetura dos cascos), e é economizado com sobras por ter navios em tamanhos adequados e com sistemas otimizados para cada tarefa.

Se sua idéia é ter poucos barcos em sua marinha (digamos 6 ou 8) você tem mesmo que ter plataformas completas, maiores e mais caras, pois elas terão que enfrentar todas as missões possíveis que aparecerem. Já se a idéia é ter muitas plataformas o correto é que boa parte delas sejam especializadas (AS, AA, escolta de frota, de comboio, patrulha, etc...), e daí múltiplas classes. O Japão segue mais ou menos pelo mesmo caminho, apenas a construção das classes são distribuídas no tempo, mas como são muitas e com relativamente poucas unidades de cada o resultado é o mesmo. E como vantagens adicionais é mais fácil manter uma marinha melhor alinhada com os desenvolvimentos mais recentes da tecnologia e da doutrina navais, e ser mais competitivo no mercado de exportação se este for um objetivo (o Japão nem pode por questões outras, mas a China logo logo estará entrando neste mercado, é só aguardar).

Esta idéia que ficou comum no ocidente de ter muitos navios exatamente iguais (como na USN e na RN) não deu resultados muito bons se você olhar a relação custo/benefício destas marinhas.


Leandro G. Card

[P44]

Shilang Sails Soon


(Source: Forecast International; issued April 19, 2011)



BEIJING --- After nearly nine years of refurbishing work, the ex-Russian aircraft carrier Shilang will soon be carrying out her sea trials for the Chinese Navy. Originally built in a Ukrainian shipyard as a member of the Project 1143.5 class named Varyag, the carrier was purchased as a derelict hulk in 1998 for about $20 million. The carrier is now named in honor of the Qing Dynasty admiral who conquered what is now known as Taiwan in 1681. There probably is a message in that.

The entry to service of the Shilang will mark a major change in the operational profile of the Chinese People's Liberation Forces Navy. This profile will take some time to mature, because Chinese pilots have no experience taking off from and landing aircraft on carriers and will require several years of at-sea experience before they become fully capable of routine operations. However, one carrier does not make for a convincing capability, so it is unlikely the Shilang will be the last of her kind.

This is where a mystery creeps in. The designation for the reconstruction work on the Shilang is Project 089. In 2008, the Chinese purchased four sets of arrester equipment as used on the Project 1143.5 carriers Varyag and Kuznetsov. One set was installed on the Shilang, the second on the Wuhan "carrier in the cornfield" test facility. The third and fourth sets appear to have been assigned to two additional Project 089 ships, on which first metal has already been cut.

The problem is that a second designation for a Chinese carrier program, Project 085, has appeared and is associated with the reconstruction of the Varyag. The most likely rationale for the designation is that the Chinese see the ski-jump-equipped Project 089 class ships as being an interim solution aimed as much at gaining experience in the construction of aircraft carriers and developing expertise in their operations as providing a full organic aircraft capability. A catapult-equipped version of the design may well be seen as the preferred operational solution.

The original Project 1143.5 design was actually intended to have catapults, but the Russian catapult development effort was a failure, and the switch to a ski-jump was a last-minute accommodation of this abortive development. So, provided the Chinese can succeed where the Russians failed and develop an effective catapult, there should be no great problem in modifying the Project 1143.5 design back to catapult configuration. This could well be Project 085.

-ends-

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articl ... -soon.html

[Boss]

Enquanto nós aqui brincamos de ter uma Marinha...








China. A todo vapor.

Comparar um país que leva a defesa a sério com um circo ?

[P44]

do keypublishing

[Penguin]

Type 093 submarine.

Chinese Carrier Needs Submarine Escorts
Posted on May 15, 2011
http://www.offiziere.ch/?p=6389

by DAVID AXE

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy is close to deploying its first aircraft carrier, the refurbished Soviet flattop Varyag. Renamed Shi Lang, the 60,000-ton vessel is in the final stages of preparation at the port of Dalian, and could begin training cruises this year or next.

The PLAN is also readying an air wing and escorts for the vessel. The navy possesses two Type 052C destroyers armed with long-range anti-aircraft missiles. Two more of the 7,000-ton warships are under construction. Together, these warships will likely represent the main escorts for Shi Lang and any future carriers. Smaller frigates would accompany the vessels to screen for enemy submarines.

For the air wing, the PLAN is developing J-15 heavy fighters based on the Russian Su-33, as well as “navalizing” the Chinese air force’s J-10 medium-weight fighter. Helicopters and a possible fixed-wing radar plane will round out the roughly 30-strong air wing.

One key element of the PLAN carrier battle group is still missing. U.S., British, French and Russian carrier groups almost never sail without at least one nuclear-powered submarine nearby. The hunter-killer sub scouts ahead of the carrier and her surface escorts. For the U.S. Navy, nuclear attack submarines are the primary defense against enemy submarines — and also a powerful weapon for destroying surface vessels.

It’s not at all clear that the Chinese navy will use its own small nuke boat fleet in the same way. Depending on whether, and how, PLAN submarines lash up with the fleet’s current and future carriers, the Chinese could be badly exposed to attack by rival subs.

In the 1990s, the Chinese navy began a quick buildup that saw the introduction of three new submarines per year, on average. But most have been short-range diesel boats with limited open-water capability. Today the PLAN possesses just two Type 093 nuclear attack subs suited to long-range carrier-escort duty. If Beijing follows through with stated plans to build several nuclear-powered carriers in coming years, the PLAN could wind up with more carriers than it has nuclear submarines to escort them.

Numbers aren’t the only problem the PLAN will face if it follows the world’s other major navies and assigns a submarine to accompany its carriers. The biggest obstacle could be communications. “Observers believe China’s navy continues to exhibit limitations or weaknesses in several areas, including capabilities for sustained operations by larger formations in distant waters,” Ronald O’Rourke, a naval expert with the U.S. Congressional Service, wrote in an April report.

The U.S., U.K., France and Russia spent decades refining different methods for communication with submarines at sea. These include beaming Very Low Frequency to submerged submarines via aircraft, or sending higher-frequency messages when the boat is nearer the surface. Either way, coordinating the movements of surface vessels and submarines in mixed groups can be very, very difficult.

“Due to the limitations of submarine communications technology, the PLAN currently can only exercise relatively limited tactical control over its submarines,” Garth Heckler, Ed Francis and James Mulvenom wrote in the 2007 book China’s Future Nuclear Submarine Force. That’s one reason why the Chinese have traditionally allowed its submarines to patrol completely independently — a rare move in a military with otherwise highly-centralized command functions.

It could be years before the PLAN can mix submarines and carriers in coordinated groups. In the meantime, Shi Lang and future flattops could prove highly vulnerable to the submarines of other nations. To compensate, the PLAN could emphasize surface-based Anti-Submarine Warfare by escorting frigates and aerial ASW by helicopters flying from the carrier. But these forces exhibit their own weaknesses.

The absence of a fully effective escort force is just one obstacle among many the PLAN faces as its races to put its first carrier to sea. That means a gap between when the flattop first sails and when its capable of combat deployments. “From the day an aircraft carrier is delivered to when it becomes effective will take quite some time,” U.S. Adm. Gary Roughead said of Shi Lang.

[P44]

Novo CIWS chinês instalado no Shialang (ex-Varyag)



Deve ser para quando houver distúrbios nas mesas de blackjack

E mais radares de detecção de batoteiros de poker instalados



+ fotos
http://centurychina.com/plaboard/posts/3891919.shtml

[FOXTROT]

terra.com.br

China confirma construção de seu primeiro porta-aviões
08 de junho de 2011

A China confirmou nesta quarta-feira que está construindo o seu primeiro porta-aviões, uma versão remodelada do navio ucraniano Varyag.

A embarcação, de 300 metros de comprimento, está sendo reconstruída no porto de Dalian, no nordeste do país, e deve começar a ser testada no mar até o fim do ano.

O governo chinês vinha tentando manter os planos em segredo, mas a existência do porta-aviões já era amplamente conhecida por observadores e jornalistas.

Ao jornal "Commercial Daily", de Hong Kong, o chefe do Estado-Maior Geral do Exército de Liberação do Povo, general Chen Bingde, disse que o porta-aviões não representa ameaça para outras nações.

"Todas as grandes nações do mundo possuem seus próprios porta-aviões, eles são o símbolo de uma grande nação", disse o general.

A China tem disputas territoriais com países vizinhos, como o Japão e o Vietnã, e periodicamente troca farpas com a ilha de Taiwan.

"Estamos nesse momento enfrentando pressão nos oceanos, seja no mar do Sul da China, do leste, no Mar Amarelo ou no Estreito de Taiwan", disse o general.

O correspondente da BBC em Pequim, Michael Bristol, disse que o porta-aviões só deve começar a ser utilizado em operações dentro de alguns anos.

Antes, afirma Bristol, o Exército precisa realizar testes para aprender a operar o navio, e realizar pousos e decolagens na pista.

[P44]

Não percebo essa noticia, refere-se ao Varyag ou a outro PA para além do Varyag?

[GustavoB]

.

[J.Ricardo]

Acho incrível como eles pegaram um PA que estava praticamente abandonado nos estaleiros ucraniano e estão transformando em magnífico PA no estado da arte, esta torre dele ficou linda com características furtivas, nem parece aquela original do PA russo, também é mais bonita que do nosso A-12!

[FOXTROT]

Não percebo essa noticia, refere-se ao Varyag ou a outro PA para além do Varyag?

Ao "novo" Varyag!

Saudações

[P44]

China's First Aircraft Carrier To Begin Sea Trials
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Published: 21 Jun 2011 08:56

HONG KONG - China's first aircraft carrier - a remodeled Soviet-era vessel - will go on sea trials next week, a report said June 21, amid escalating tensions in the South China Sea.

continua:

http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i= ... =ASI&s=SEA

[Brasileiro]

Não há condições para um porta-aviões realizar testes de mar com este canteiro de obras sobre seu convés.

Retirar aquilo tudo lá de cima é trabalho de uma semana para mais, limpar tudo, etc. Depois se sai ao mar.

Mas, claro, pode ser que já estejam esvaziando o convés, e aí será possível.



abraços]