Marinha da República Popular da China (PLAN)

[Enlil]

Berezina:

[P44]

Front Page of the Day
An aircraft carrier! (It's only a model)
Posted by Eric Mu, July 6, 2009 6:05 PM



A model of a possible future aircraft carrier appeared alongside other new PLA weaponry in a military exhibition in Hong Kong on July 4th, stoking the enthusiasm of Chinese military fans. (The CN Carrier website describes its mission as "giving the construction of a Chinese aircraft carrier a shot of nationalistic steroids.")

According to a report appearing in today's Chongqing Times, the look of the model resembles the Soviet aircraft carrier Varyag, which was to be the second Admiral Kuznetsov class carrier before construction was halted and the ship was sold to China, stripped of much of its propulsion system.

Certain parts of the future aircraft carrier's specifications were revealed: the displacement will to be 53 thousand tons light, and 67 thousand fully loaded, with a projected speed of 30 knots.

http://www.danwei.org/front_page_of_the ... 009_in.php

[P44]

Chinese Develop Special "Kill Weapon" to Destroy U.S. Aircraft Carriers
Written by USNI
Monday, 06 July 2009 19:07

Advanced Missile Poses Substantial New Threat For U.S. Navy

U. S. Naval Institute

With tensions already rising due to the Chinese navy becoming more aggressive in asserting its territorial claims in the South China Sea, the U.S. Navy seems to have yet another reason to be deeply concerned.

After years of conjecture, details have begun to emerge of a "kill weapon" developed by the Chinese to target and destroy U.S. aircraft carriers.

First posted on a Chinese blog viewed as credible by military analysts and then translated by the naval affairs blog Information Dissemination, a recent report provides a description of an anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM) that can strike carriers and other U.S. vessels at a range of 2000km.

The range of the modified Dong Feng 21 missile is significant in that it covers the areas that are likely hot zones for future confrontations between U.S. and Chinese surface forces.

The size of the missile enables it to carry a warhead big enough to inflict significant damage on a large vessel, providing the Chinese the capability of destroying a U.S. supercarrier in one strike.

Because the missile employs a complex guidance system, low radar signature and a maneuverability that makes its flight path unpredictable, the odds that it can evade tracking systems to reach its target are increased. It is estimated that the missile can travel at mach 10 and reach its maximum range of 2000km in less than 12 minutes.

Supporting the missile is a network of satellites, radar and unmanned aerial vehicles that can locate U.S. ships and then guide the weapon, enabling it to hit moving targets.



The ASBM is said to be a modified DF-21

While the ASBM has been a topic of discussion within national defense circles for quite some time, the fact that information is now coming from Chinese sources indicates that the weapon system is operational. The Chinese rarely mention weapons projects unless they are well beyond the test stages.

If operational as is believed, the system marks the first time a ballistic missile has been successfully developed to attack vessels at sea. Ships currently have no defense against a ballistic missile attack.

Along with the Chinese naval build-up, U.S. Navy officials appear to view the development of the anti-ship ballistic missile as a tangible threat.

After spending the last decade placing an emphasis on building a fleet that could operate in shallow waters near coastlines, the U.S. Navy seems to have quickly changed its strategy over the past several months to focus on improving the capabilities of its deep sea fleet and developing anti-ballistic defenses.

As analyst Raymond Pritchett notes in a post on the U.S. Naval Institute blog:

"The Navy's reaction is telling, because it essentially equals a radical change in direction based on information that has created a panic inside the bubble. For a major military service to panic due to a new weapon system, clearly a mission kill weapon system, either suggests the threat is legitimate or the leadership of the Navy is legitimately unqualified. There really aren't many gray spaces in evaluating the reaction by the Navy...the data tends to support the legitimacy of the threat."

In recent years, China has been expanding its navy to presumably better exert itself in disputed maritime regions. A recent show of strength in early March led to a confrontation with an unarmed U.S. ship in international waters.

---------------------------------
About the U.S. Naval Institute

The Naval Institute should jealously guard its role as prodder, conscience, and constructive safe haven for ideas that keep pushing the establishment not to be content to accept only the little challenges when the big challenges are out there.

Admiral James M. Loy, USCG (Ret.)
21st Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard

http://www.rightsidenews.com/2009070753 ... riers.html

[P44]

no seguimento do post anterior^^^^

Dirty Little Secrets





Naval Supremacy Without Ships
by James Dunnigan
July 9, 2009

For the last six years, Chinese military planners have been openly discussing the development of an ASBM (an anti-ship ballistic missile.) The way this weapon works is pretty simple. First you have to detect, and track, an American carrier at sea. This can be done with space or ground based radar, or electronic monitoring equipment. One could also do it with submarines (which would stalk the carriers, at a distance, and use satellite comm to send location updates back to China). Once you know where the carrier is, and where it is heading, you put that data into the navigation system of one or more ASBMs and launch. Less than half an hour later, the warhead is plunging earthward, and using its targeting sensors to detect the carrier below. Unless the carrier turned around and hauled ass at full speed about the time the ASBM was launched, the warhead will detect the carrier and hit it, while travelling at several times faster than a rifle bullet. If that doesn't sink the carrier, it certainly puts it out of action for months.

China's principal weapon would be their DF-21 ballistic missile, equipped with a high-explosive warhead and a guidance system that can home in and hit a aircraft carrier at sea. The DF-21 has a range of 1800 kilometers and normally hauls a 300 kiloton nuclear warhead. It's a two stage, 15 ton, solid fuel rocket that could carry a half ton penetrating, high-explosive warhead, along with the special guidance system (a radar and image recognition system).

It is believed that the Chinese have reverse engineered, reinvented or stolen the 1970s technology that went into the U.S. Pershing ballistic missile. This 7.5 ton U.S. Army missile also had an 1,800 kilometers range, and could put its nuclear warhead within 30 meters of its aim point. This was possible because the guidance system had its own radar. This kind of accuracy made the Russians very uncomfortable, as it made their command bunkers vulnerable. The Russians eventually agreed to a lot of nuclear and missile disarmament deals in order to get the Pershings decommissioned in the 1980s.

The Chinese have long been rumored to have a system like this, but there have been no tests. Before deploying these ASBMs, one or more would have to be tested. They could do this by using a large container ship or tanker (older ones, headed for the breakers) and move it to a likely location from which an American carrier would approach. This target ship would be rigged to be operated by remote control. The Chinese might want to send a few smaller freighters, similarly equipped, to represent the carrier escorts. This would test the ASBMs ability to pick out the carrier (the largest ship in the task force.) As part of the test, the Chinese could see if more than one form of tracking works. Then, the ASBM would be given the latest coordinates for the carrier, and launched. Half an hour later, the Chinese would know if they have a real ASBM.

If the Chinese do succeed in creating a "carrier killer" version of the DF-21, the U.S. Navy can modify its Aegis anti-missile system to protect carriers against such attacks. There are also electronic warfare options, to blind the DF-21 radar.

Meanwhile, China appears to be developing an over-the-horizon (OTH) radar that can spot large ships (like American aircraft carriers) as far as 3,000 kilometers away, and use this information to guide ballistic missiles to the area,. Such radars have long been used to detect ballistic missile launches, and approaching heavy bombers. Some OTH radars have been modified to take advantage of the flat surface of an ocean, to pick up large objects, like ships. Cheaper and more powerful computers enable such OTH radars to more accurately identify ships thousands of kilometers away.

China is developing the technologies, and it's only a matter of time, and willingness to devote several billion dollars to the project, before they can actually do it, or at least try to. If the Chinese ASBM works, naval warfare will be changed forever.

http://www.strategypage.com/dls/article ... 9-2009.asp

[Enlil]

Tuesday, July 07, 2009

“Chinese Mine Warfare -- A PLA Navy ‘Assassin’s Mace’ Capability”
“Chinese Mine Warfare -- A PLA Navy ‘Assassin’s Mace’ Capability” by Andrew S. Erickson, Lyle J. Goldstein, and William S. Murray has been published by the US Naval War College’s China Maritime Studies

http://www.nwc.navy.mil/cnws/cmsi/docum ... arfare.pdf

Mine Warfare is an area of great interest by the PLAN and yet it has been overlooked by many analysts, hopefully this paper will shed new light on the PLAN’s capabilities and intentions. This is the most comprehensive study available on the topic, and is a highly recommended read.

You know these guys do great work, right?

http://china-defense.blogspot.com/

[P44]

Home » World
'Chinese Navy gearing to assume missions other than Taiwan'
Updated on Friday, July 17, 2009, 18:37 IST

Tokyo: Chinese Navy is upgrading its submarines and combat vessels with latest air defence and anti-ship missile capabilities to "assume missions other than Taiwan," the Japanese Defence Ministry warned on Friday.

Beijing "has begun work to acquire the capability to engage in missions other than dealing with the Taiwan issue in recent years," the ministry said in an annual white paper, citing such Chinese moves as its space development efforts and active naval activities beyond adjacent waters.

The report noted that the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) vessels were deployed for the first time outside the country's waters last year.

"China's Navy's deployment since December of vessels to the Gulf of Aden for an anti-piracy mission -- its first activity out of nearby waters -- shows its capability to operate in a distant sea as well as an enhanced emphasis on protecting its sea lanes," Kyodo news agency quoted the 427- page 'Defence of Japan 2009' report as saying.

Citing Beijing's interest in possessing aircraft carriers, the report cautions, "The scope of its capabilities appears to be expanding beyond waters near China."

"The military balance between China and Taiwan has changed to the advantage of China," it notes on the ground that China outnumbered Taiwan in terms of advanced fighters in 2009.

China views Taiwan as a rebel province that must be reunified with the nation, even by force.

Chinese destroyers and other vessels have also increased activities in waters near Japan as seen last October when a fleet of combat ships were for the first time spotted sailing between Hokkaido and the Honshu main island in open waters through the Tsugaru Strait into the Pacific, the report says.

China's military development is also a major concern to Tokyo. Japan has intensified monitoring off its southwestern shores around islets in the East China Sea claimed by Tokyo, Beijing and Taipei.

The report also expressed serious concern over North Korea after it conducted a nuclear test in May, the second since Pyongyang's first test in October 2006.

"It is difficult to rule out the possibility that North Korea could achieve miniaturisation of nuclear weapons and development of nuclear warheads in a relatively short time," the report said, adding that Pyongyang is likely importing missile-related materials and technologies.

"Developments in North Korea, including the possible impact of the health issues of Kim Jong Il and the question of succession," need to be closely monitored," the report said.

The report said Japan was examining projects to bolster national defence under a law passed last year allowing space technology for the first time to be used for military purposes.

Bureau Report

http://www.zeenews.com/news547929.html

[Enlil]

...

Sunday, July 19, 2009

Return of the Golf Class ballistic missile conventional powered submarine

PLAN’s single Golf class BAMmer (a term coined by our friend Desperado6) was believed to be decommissioned and has not been seem in public for sometime. It is back with new screws and paint job.

Such an extensive refit clearly suggests it is not gearing as a tourist attraction at a local museum.

GOLF [G-Class]
http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/golf.htm

Initial Chinese efforts to create a sea-launched nuclear-missile system used two large Project 629 GOLF missile-armed diesel-electric submarines and seven R-11F liquid-propellant missiles which had been transferred from the USSR in the early 1960's. But work on these sea-launched missiles encountered a vaariety of problems.

In 1967 American intelligence sources identified a G-class submarine being constructed/assembled at Lu-ta Shipyard and later based at Hsiao-ping Tao Naval Base. It measured 320 feet in length.

By the early 1970's China recognized that continuation of the Project 629 effort was pointless. Chinese development of a nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine began with a single GOLF class submarine. This conventionally powered ballistic missile boat was committed as a test platform role in developing a new missile of Chinese design. By 1972 US intelligence had evidence of land based ejection facilities as well as construction of an off-shore tube launcher for underwater ejection tests.

The JL-2 program is using the former Soviet Golf-class SSB conventionally powered ballistic missile submarines as its trials platform.









2009...



http://china-defense.blogspot.com/

[P44]

Ukraine military hovercraft to equip Chinese navy



Kiev - China's navy is to purchase four Ukrainian military hovercraft in a 315-million-dollar deal potentially shifting the South China Sea naval balance, the Interfax news agency reported. A shipbuilding firm in Ukraine's Black Sea port Feodosia will construct two Zubr (translation - Bison) class craft, and a second pair of vessels will be built in China under the supervision of Ukrainian technicians.

A Ukrainian government publication listing state contracts confirmed the order without giving its value. Officials at the Morye shipyard in Feodosia declined comment.

The Zubr hovercraft is designed to carry three tanks, 10 armoured personnel carriers, or as many as 500 troops at speeds exceeding 63 knots.

The vessel can due to its larger size operate in rougher seas than smaller hovercraft.

The Russian, Ukrainian, and Greek navies currently operate the Zubr, with a total ten hovercraft produced since 1988.

China's navy currently lacks heavy capacity hovercraft of the Zubr type. The most modern Chinese naval hovercraft in operation, the Jingsah II, has a maximum capacity of 70 troops.

The Zubr hovercraft's capacity to deliver substantial combat forces by water at speeds doubling conventional landing ships would, once in Chinese inventory, complicate defence planning for South China Sea nations particularly Taiwan, according to the report.

Feodosia's Morye shipyard as co-developer of the Zubr hovercraft with St. Peterburg's Almaz naval design bureau technically is banned from selling Zubr's military technologies to a third party, without Almaz management agreement.

China in 2006 was in talks with Almaz on the purchase of six Zubr hovercraft without result.

Management at Ukraine's Morye shipyard, actual production of site of all Zubr-class hovercraft, began talks with Chinese naval representatives in 2008, a naval source told Interfax.



http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show ... -navy.html

[P44]

Playing Rough To Keep The Americans Away

August 31, 2009: As China develops more powerful electronic devices, it has become determined to keep the details secret (so their electronic wonders will not be easily defeated in wartime.) To that end, they have requested that the United States eliminate the use of aircraft and ships to monitor activity along the Chinese coast. Most of this is electronic surveillance. Some is simply keeping an eye on what the Chinese are building (in the way of military facilities along their coast.) The U.S. recon operations take place in international air and sea space, but the Chinese know that this does not stop the Americans from picking up lots of useful information. China has implied that if the U.S. does not cease this snooping, there will be more confrontations with Chinese aircraft and ships. Similar confrontations took place with Russia during the early years of the Cold War. Dozens of American military personnel were killed. China is also trying, without success so far, to unilaterally modify international law, to extend its territorial waters (that other nations cannot enter).

But the effort is important. For example, last year the U.S. revealed what the American Navy EP-3 electronic reconnaissance aircraft was spying on, when it was clipped by a Chinese fighter in early 2001. The target was the new naval base China is building in the south. Three years ago, commercial satellite photos began to show details of a new naval base under construction at Yulin, near Sanya, on the southern island of Hainan (near Vietnam). The base has underground docking facilities for nuclear and diesel-electric subs and surface ships, created by tunneling into coastal hills.

Rumors of such a base have been circulating for the previous six years, apparently since locals began noticing all the construction activity, and the tight security around the site. The underground facilities not only protect the boats from air or sea based attack, but enable maintenance and modifications to be done in secret. Apparently back in 2001, the U.S. Navy believed there was enough electronic emissions coming from the construction site to justify sending an EP-3.

The U.S. intelligence community had picked up signs of work on the new base even before the locals began to chatter about something going on there. Several smaller naval bases and navy air fields already exist on Hainan Island, but the new base is shaping up as a major facility, one capable of supporting a much larger fleet than China now possesses. India is particularly concerned because the Hainan base is close to the Indian ocean, and areas where the Indian Navy has long been top dog. Many other nations note the proximity of the new base to the Straits of Malacca, the busiest shipping channel on the planet.

The Chinese also know that the U.S. Air Force and Navy are designing replacements for their current electronic warfare (EW) aircraft. The Navy wants to replace the EW version of its P-3 reconnaissance aircraft (EP-3), while the air force has several elderly aircraft using a wide array of sensors and radars. The navy has decided that sensors have become small enough, and cheap enough, that they can load up a Boeing 737 with radar, sensors, computers, mini-UAVs and the people needed to run it all, and perform functions formerly taken care of by several different aircraft. This new Super Snooper will be the EP-8. It will mount an AESA radar for scanning the sea (or land) below in great detail. Also mounted on (actually, built intp) the aircraft skin are dozens of antennas, for detecting any kind of nearby electronic emissions. The EP-8 would be used for a wider array of missions than its predecessor, the EP-3. In addition to the traditional trolling off the coast of, say, China, North Korea or Iran, to detect how the locals use their electronic devices (radars, communications, whatever), the EP-8 can also fly over combat zones seeking out cell phone, walkie-talkie or other radio use, and locating the people involved. The EP-8 carries missiles, as well as small UAVs that can be used to test enemy air defenses (which can result in a missile to take out the hostile radar).

China knows that all this new tech is coming, and wants to keep it as far away from their coasts as possible. The question is, will China risk war by playing rough to keep the Americans away.


http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htecm/ ... 90831.aspx

[P44]

a torre do ex-Varyag parece estar a ser modificada/removida?/alterada?

antes:


depois:



trabalho 24h/dia

[P44]

China to project naval, air power further off shore
Tue Sep 22, 2009 10:03am IST

BEIJING (Reuters) - China plans to transform its naval and air forces to project power further from its shores, China's defence minister said a week before the nation puts on a massive military parade showcasing its strength.

The navy will expand to include blue-water capability as well as "relatively strong" coastal defence, and the air force will evolve from a purely defensive capability to include both defensive and offensive stances, General Liang Guanglie said.

China has long held a goal to develop an aircraft carrier, which would allow it to project military power far beyond its shores. Last winter, the Chinese navy deployed to waters off Somalia to protect commercial shipping from pirates.

"According to our strategic plan, the army will transform from regional defence to a mobile force deploying across our whole territory, the navy will have a relatively strong coastal defence ability to fight wars far out at sea, and the air force will shift from defending national territory to defensive and offensive capabilities," Liang said

China has boosted its international military cooperation and debuted a website and a white paper to show its transparency, but regional rivals including Japan still remain wary of the country's growing military strength.

"Now we have developed military-use satellites and advanced fighter aircraft in the air, newly designed tanks, cannons and missiles on land and advanced warships and submarines on the sea," Liang said.

"You can say that whatever the Western developed nations' militaries have, we basically have as well, and much of the equipment capability has reached the most advanced level," he added in an interview posted on the Defence Ministry's website (www.mod.gov.cn) late on Monday.

China's military now numbers 2.3 million, down from its peak at 6 million, Liang said. The Communist armies commanded about 5.5 million people in 1949, at the end of the civil war against the Nationalists or Kuomintang (KMT).

It plans to complete its mechanisation drive by 2020, and make progress on its information technology initiatives.

http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/i ... 2820090922

[P44]

and now for something completly diferent....

do http://forum.keypublishing.co.uk/showth ... 227&page=8

[cabeça de martelo]

Importas de explicar o que estou a ver?

[guilhermecn]

Importas de explicar o que estou a ver?

Acho que isso deve ser um centro de treinamento
Achei uma reportagem que explica melhor

http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Analysi ... n_999.html

O caça das imagens é um T-10k ucraniano( uma variação do su-33)

[P44]

Importas de explicar o que estou a ver?

aparentemente estás a ver um "campo de treinos " para o futuro Porta-Aviões Chinês, o ex-Varyag