Astute is the first nuclear submarine to be built in the United Kingdom in almost a decade; launched on June 8, she will be commissioned into the Royal Navy in 2009. (BAE Systems photo))
Royal Navy's Biggest and Strongest Attack Submarine Launches in Barrow
(Source: UK Ministry of Defence; issued June 8, 2007)
The Royal Navy's newest super-submarine, Astute, was launched today, 8 June 2007, by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall at the BAE Systems shipyard in Barrow in Furness, Cumbria.
Astute is the first nuclear submarine to be launched in the UK for almost a decade. She has been built in the UK using the latest and most advanced naval engineering techniques. Construction has been described as more complex than that of the space shuttle.
Far bigger and more potent than the current class of attack submarines, this super stealthy vessel is almost 100m long, and weighs 7,400 tonnes. She will never need to be refuelled and her advanced on-board life support systems mean she can circumnavigate the globe without needing to surface.
Astute's first Commanding Officer, Commander Mike Walliker, believes the size of Astute will not present too many difficulties:
"She is about 2,000 tonnes in displacement greater than a normal submarine but she is about half the size of the Vanguard Class submarines so we're very used to operating submarines of this size. Submariners are all trained to the same high level, whatever boat we're operating and the operation of a boat is broadly the same."
Astute is using a new optronics system which means she is not fitted with the traditional periscope. Commander Walliker does see this as a challenge:
"Not having a periscope will be the biggest challenge for me. We're taking a submarine to sea for the first time with the optronics system and this is a new and unproven capability, but when I say unproven, I mean unproven to the Royal Navy at sea, but it is proven to other navies and so I'm not envisioning problems, but it is a challenge."
Although she is bigger than previous submarines, her crew is actually marginally smaller, with around 98 people required to operate her, 17 less than the Trafalgar Class submarines:
"She is a bigger boat, but with a smaller crew because of the advances with engineering meaning less people are required to maintain her, less people needed in weapons stowage and a general drive to drive down the manpower needed for submarines.
"Nuclear submarines clearly operate at the highest end of the war fighting capabilities of the Armed Forces. At the beginning stages of a conflict Astute could be used for intelligence gathering. She can carry Tomahawk missiles, which can travel 1,000 miles, that can be used at any stage of a conflict for coercion and deterrence.
"And then she can used in support of maritime task groups and act independently as part of the key cornerstone of defence policy, expeditionary warfare."
Although Commander Walliker took command a month ago, he found out he was taking command of Astute nine months ago. He has been taking a keen interest in her progress for over four years:
"I've been living and breathing it for nine months," he explained. "It's a massive privilege to command her. Of my generation it's everyone's dream to command a 1st in Class submarine. I commanded HMS Tireless a few years ago and thought that would be the greatest honour I've ever had, but looking back now it's an incredible thought that we're taking this boat to sea."
Astute will be equipped with advanced cruise missiles and torpedoes which will provide her with more firepower than any previous British attack submarine. Astute will enter service with the Royal Navy in 2009, and will be based in Scotland. She will be a key part of the UK's naval defence forces for the next 25 years. Although she is being launched today, Astute will not actually go to sea for another eight or nine months:
"Between today's launch and the sea trials there is still a significant amount of testing to be done," Commander Walliker continued. "Testing the systems in the water, and we also need to undergo a sustained amount of sea training and practising while the boat is alongside.
"In mid-March next year we are due to begin sea trials, but the key date for me is due to be the end of August 2008 when the boat raises the white ensign for the first time and joins the Royal Navy. After that another 12 months of sea trials are expected."
Lord Drayson, Minister for Defence Equipment and Support, said of today's launch:
"I am delighted to be here to see the launch of Astute. She is the first of a class of hugely impressive vessels which will give the Royal Navy the world class capability it needs to protect the UK and her interests across the globe in the 21st century.
"Astute is a truly remarkable vessel, and her importance cannot be underestimated. I am pleased that through the Maritime Industrial Strategy we are working closely with British industry to ensure that we have affordable, viable, and vibrant submarine design and manufacture skills, both now and in the future."
Astute is the first vessel of four in the Astute class. The other three are AMBUSH, ARTFUL and AUDACIOUS.
In keeping with naval tradition, Astute will become HMS Astute once commissioned and in-service. The ceremony this week launches her as Astute. (ends)
Royal Launch for First of Class Astute Submarine
(Source: BAE Systems; issued June 8, 2007)
BARROW, United Kingdom. --– HRH the Duchess of Cornwall has today named the Royal Navy’s largest and most powerful attack submarine, the first-of-class Astute, before it rolls out of the build hall at the BAE Systems shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness.
More than 10,000 people have watched the ceremony today in the 25,000m² Devonshire Dock Hall submarine build complex, the largest building of its kind in Europe. Astute will remain on the shiplift overnight before being lowered into the dock tomorrow.
After the naming ceremony the Duchess met members of the submarine crew and the production workforce before taking lunch with more than 400 guests drawn from the employees, suppliers, the MoD, the Royal Navy and local dignitaries.
The Duchess travelled to Barrow by helicopter, landing at the company’s airfield on nearby Walney Island. The naming of the Astute is her only engagement in the town.
The Astute submarine will set a new standard for the Royal Navy in terms of weapon load, stealth and comfort for the crew. It also employs a new-generation steam-raising nuclear plant which is fuelled for the whole of the vessel’s 25 year operational life.
BAE Systems Submarine Solutions is the prime contractor for the Astute Class, responsible for the design, build and initial in-service support of the four 7,400 tonne vessels - Astute, Ambush, Artful, and Audacious - currently under construction at the shipyard. The fourth submarine, Audacious, was the subject of a £200 million order from the Ministry of Defence announced in May.
The launch has been achieved eight weeks early against the date set in 2003 when the project was rebaselined. Work is on schedule to meet the August 2008 date for delivery of the first of class Astute to the Royal Navy – a stretch target three months ahead of the previously-agreed handover date of November 2008. The in-service date for Astute is January 2009, with subsequent Astute class submarines to be delivered on an agreed 22-month ‘drumbeat’.
Astute is the most capable attack submarines ever operated by the Navy and is designed to fulfil a wider range of strategic roles for more flexible deployment than earlier generations.
The vessel is equipped with the advanced 2076 sonar system which has already proven its class-leading performance on upgraded Trafalgar-class submarines, and is capable of identifying and tracking vessels across thousands of square miles of ocean.
Astute has improved communications systems to support joint operations and an enhanced ability to operate in shallower littoral environments compared with previous classes. The submarine is also the first to replace a conventional periscope with two optical masts incorporating digital video technology that incorporates zoom, low light and infra-red features with an ability to rapidly capture images, analyse them on video screens and transmit images to other fleet elements.
As well as supporting the deterrent and fulfilling anti surface ship and submarine duties, Astute is designed to undertake a range of other tasks including support of land forces, intelligence gathering, and land attack using the latest Tomahawk cruise missiles which can attack targets a thousand miles away with pinpoint accuracy.
Design and construction of the Astute Class is arguably the most challenging engineering project in the UK. It compares in complexity with the space shuttle, involving over a million components and the production of over 7,000 design drawings.
Astute’s state-of-the-art pressurised water reactor is more complex than a nuclear power station, with more restrictions placed upon it: it must be engineered and operated in the knowledge that almost 100 people live and work in close proximity - the submarine commander sleeps less than 10 metres away from the nuclear core.
Once deployed, Astute and can patrol for 90 days, remaining undetected thousands of miles from home and hundreds of metres underwater.
Specialist engineers working on the design of Astute are undertaking a wide range of engineering activities including:
- Nuclear engineering: providing safety and performance improvements to a state-of-the-art pressurised water reactor that is fuelled for life.
- Systems engineering: integrating the thousands of sub-systems that require up to 100km of cabling, 23,000 pipes amounting to10km of pipework, and over 5 million lines of software code – plus managing the supply chain, which includes over 30 main suppliers.
- Marine and mechanical engineering: providing solutions for the propulsive power train, auxiliary systems and life support. Astute must be quiet, vibration-free and robust enough to withstand a nearby underwater explosion.
- Hydrodynamics and control engineering: the design of the submarine hull, hydroplanes and control systems to provide control of depth and good manoeuvrability. The submarine must maintain neutral buoyancy and is literally ‘flown’ underwater.
- Human factors: ensuring that every system is safely operable and maintainable in all conditions by a relatively small complement compared with previous nuclear powered submarines.
BAE Systems is a global defence and aerospace company delivering a full range of products and services for air, land and naval forces, as well as advanced electronics, information technology solutions and customer support services. With 88,000 employees worldwide, BAE Systems' sales exceeded 13.7 billion pounds sterling (US25.4 billion dollars) in 2006.
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