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COMO UM SALVA-VIDA DE PILOTOS ESTÁ TORNANDO A VIDA MAIS SEGURA PARA MILHÕES
STORY
14 dezembro 2015
Embora tudo que seja desenvolvido aqui na Saab seja quase sempre especializado, nossas descobertas frequentemente levam a novas aplicações que tornam a vida mais segura. Um dos primeiros exemplos nos remete aos primórdios da aviação. Naquela época, se uma aeronave perdesse sua manobrabilidade, o piloto simplesmente saía da cabine e pulava.
Na década de 40, com o caça J 21, a Saab foi obrigada a encontrar uma outra solução. Saltar da cabine teria sido fatal, especialmente a 400 km/h, já que a hélice ficava posicionada atrás do piloto.
A solução encontrada foi um assento ejetável que utilizava cargas de pólvora e foguetes para catapultar o piloto para fora. Posteriormente, foram adicionadas fitas ao assento que eram apertadas por meio das cargas de pólvora para evitar que os membros se ferissem durante o lançamento.
O assento ejetável hoje se tornou um componente de segurança comum para o piloto. Atualmente, os sensores que foram desenvolvidos para o assento ejetável podem ser encontrados nos airbags, que aumentaram a segurança para milhões de motoristas em todo o mundo.
http://saab.com/pt/region/brasil/sobre- ... a-milhoes/
Um pouco mais da História:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejection_seat
A bungee-assisted escape from an aircraft took place in 1910.
In 1916 Everard Calthrop, an early inventor of parachutes, patented an ejector seat using compressed air.
The modern layout for an ejection seat was first proposed by Romanian inventor Anastase Dragomir in the late 1920s. The design, featuring a parachuted cell (a dischargeable chair from an aircraft or other vehicle), was successfully tested on 25 August 1929 at the Paris-Orly Airport near Paris and in October 1929 at Baneasa, near Bucharest. Dragomir patented his catapult-able cockpit at the French Patent Office.
The design was perfected during World War II. Prior to this, the only means of escape from an incapacitated aircraft was to jump clear (bail out), and in many cases this was difficult due to injury, the difficulty of egress from a confined space, g forces, the airflow past the aircraft, and other factors.
The first ejection seats were developed independently during World War II by Heinkel and SAAB. Early models were powered by compressed air and
the first aircraft to be fitted with such a system was the Heinkel He 280 prototype jet-engined fighter in 1940. One of the He 280 test pilots, Helmut Schenk, became the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat on 13 January 1942 after his control surfaces iced up and became inoperative. The fighter, being used in tests of the Argus As 014 impulse jets for Fieseler Fi 103 missile development, had its usual HeS 8A turbojets removed, and was towed aloft from the Erprobungsstelle Rechlin central test facility of the Luftwaffe in Germany by a pair of Bf 110C tugs in a heavy snow-shower. At 2,400 m (7,875 ft), Schenk found he had no control, jettisoned his towline, and ejected. The He 280 was never put into production status and the first operational type built anywhere, to provide ejection seats for the crew was the Heinkel He 219 Uhu night fighter in 1942.
In Sweden, a version using compressed air was tested in 1941.
A gunpowder ejection seat was developed by Bofors and tested in 1943 for the Saab 21. The first test in the air was on a Saab 17 on 27 February 1944,[3] and the first real use occurred by Lt. Bengt Johansson[note 3] on 29 July 1946 after a mid-air collision between a J 21 and a J 22.
As the first operational military jet in late 1944 to ever feature one, the lightweight Heinkel He 162A Spatz featured a new type of ejection seat, this time fired by an explosive cartridge. In this system, the seat rode on wheels set between two pipes running up the back of the cockpit. When lowered into position, caps at the top of the seat fitted over the pipes to close them. Cartridges, basically identical to shotgun shells, were placed in the bottom of the pipes, facing upward. When fired, the gases would fill the pipes, popping the caps off the end, and thereby forcing the seat to ride up the pipes on its wheels and out of the aircraft. By the end of the war, the Dornier Do 335 Pfeil — primarily from it having a rear-mounted engine (of the twin engines powering the design) powering a pusher propeller located at the aft end of the fuselage presenting a hazard to a normal bailout escape — and a few late-war prototype aircraft were also fitted with ejection seats.
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