Moderador: Conselho de Moderação
Sim, mas sofreu uma tentativa de golpe pelos integralistas em 1938 ("camisas verdes")...Energys escreveu:Vargas tinha mais identificação com o fascismo.Wingate escreveu:Ele poderia tentar o Partido Fascista...são italianos e, portanto, latinos...![8-]](./images/smilies/icon_cool.gif "Cool")
A comida é boa e os uniformes podem ser Gucci, Armani, etc... Caso não der certo ele poderia se inscrever na Máfia.
Wingate
Att.
Sim, porque os Integralistas entendiam que eles eram os reais depositários de um governo de viés totalitário.Wingate escreveu:Sim, mas sofreu uma tentativa de golpe pelos integralistas em 1938 ("camisas verdes")...Energys escreveu:Vargas tinha mais identificação com o fascismo.
Att.
http://www.pitoresco.com/historia/republ209.htm
Wingate
O filme "Duas Mulheres" (La Ciociara) com Sofia Loren (1960) retrata bem o descrito acima pelo colega:J.Ricardo escreveu:Hermes, não só na Alemanha, a Itália "comeu o pão que o diabo amaçou" no avanço aliado, as tropas "coloniais" francesas, assim que conquistavam um território começavam um onda de saques e estupros que deixavam os próprios americanos desconcertados, pois não sabiam se socorriam os italianos e perdiam o aliado ou deixavam os "franceses" livres para cometer suas atrocidades...
70 years later, a Korean ‘comfort woman’ demands apology from Japan
Yong Soo Lee, 86, is visiting Washington from South Korea to speak out about her experience as one of the “comfort women” for the Japanese military during World War II. (Sarah L. Voisin/The Washington Post)
By Pamela Constable April 22 at 7:58 PM
Seated on a sofa in an embroidered silk costume, Yong Soo Lee is a study in grim dignity. She is 86 now, and the story of her long-ago wartime ordeal emerges slowly and hesitantly at first. She speaks in an embarrassed murmur, constantly rubbing a rosary.
But as she continues, Lee’s gestures grow animated and angry, bearing mute witness to the violence and humiliation she endured for two years as a teenage captive at a Japanese military base. Her face grimaces and crumples. Her hands chop the air, grab her neck, clutch her stomach.
“At first the other girls tried to protect me because I was so young,” she says through an interpreter, beginning to weep. “I saw the soldiers on them, but the girls put a blanket over me and told me to pretend I was dead so nothing would happen to me. I didn’t know what they meant. I was only 14. I didn’t know anything then.”
Lee is one of 53 surviving “comfort women,” the euphemistic term used to describe tens of thousands of girls and women from Korea, China and other Asian countries who were forced into farm labor and sexual servitude for Japanese combat or occupation troops before and during World War II.
She traveled to Washington this week from South Korea to tell her story on the eve of a high-profile visit by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, whom some Korean American groups accuse of backtracking on promises to apologize for the wartime abuses and of trying to whitewash the past to placate conservative nationalist groups at home.
South Korean protesters place a defaced portrait of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe next to a statue of a South Korean teenage girl during an rally at the Japanese Embassy in Seoul on April 1. (Jung Yeon-Je/AFP/Getty Images)
[Abe urged to uphold Japan’s apology for wartime aggression]
Lee’s trip was arranged by the Washington Coalition for Comfort Women Issues, a group of activists who plan to stage protests when Abe arrives and have demanded that he make formal amends when he addresses Congress this coming Wednesday. Some scholars and politicians close to the Japanese premier have suggested that many comfort women were prostitutes rather than victims of an official military policy.
The issue has particular resonance in Washington because of the region’s large and successful Korean American community. Fairfax County is home to at least 42,000 Korean Americans, who have built churches and businesses and wield growing political influence there. Last May, a memorial to Korea’s comfort women was built next to the Fairfax County Government Center.
The creation of the memorial, following that of two others in California and New Jersey, provoked objections from some Japanese American residents and officials. But coalition leaders said their cause has attracted support from human rights groups in Japan, as well as from a Japanese American member of Congress, Rep. Michael M. Honda (D-Calif.), who has promoted a bill calling for an “unequivocal” apology.
“We don’t want to offend Japan or be aggressive. We just want this issue to be resolved peacefully and done with,” said Jungsil Lee, an art historian in Rockville who is the coalition’s president. “We do want Abe to acknowledge what happened and issue an official apology. Then we will be glad to dissolve our organization and move on.”
Masato Otaka, a spokesman for the Japanese Embassy, said his country’s government had bent over backward to make amends to the comfort women over the years, making statements of apology and remorse, paying “atonement money” to some victims through a special fund and sending individual letters to victims from a former prime minister.
“Japan has apologized over and over, on various occasions,” Otaka said Wednesday. “We have done our best, and I can’t think of anything better than sending personal letters to the victims, but South Koreans are still telling us we didn’t go far enough.”
Yong Soo Lee, 86, is visiting from South Korea to speak out about her experience. As she tells her emotional story, her travel companion, Kwark Hae Kyoung, touches her heart and pats her back. (Sarah L. Voisin/The Washington Post)
For 47 years after the war ended and Yong Soo Lee was taken home, she told no one what had happened to her. She said she felt ashamed, afraid and isolated. She had no idea that her ordeal had been shared by thousands of other young women at dozens of military “comfort stations” throughout the Pacific. Unable to confide in her family, she remained single and childless for life.
But in 1991, when another comfort woman broke a half-century of silence, Lee realized that she had not been alone. She registered with the government and traveled to the base where she had been held, accompanied by Japanese historians. She was able to learn the fate of crucial individuals, including a Japanese military officer who took pity on her and was later killed in combat. And finally, she began to talk.
As Lee recounted Tuesday during an interview at the home of friends in Fairfax, her nightmare began one night in October 1943. Lee said she was asleep in her family’s farmhouse when she heard a neighbor calling and went outside. Soon she found herself with four other girls being marched off by Japanese soldiers, then forced on a series of journeys by train, truck and ship.
Her final destination was a coastal base for kamikaze pilots, where she learned by heart a pep song the pilots sang before heading off on suicide missions. Although reluctant to state explicitly that she was forced to have sex with Japanese soldiers, she recounted numerous other details of her time in captivity that made the circumstances painfully clear.
Soon after reaching the base, she said, she was told to go into a curtained cubicle and wait for a soldier, but at first refused. As punishment, she said, she was brutally beaten and tortured with electric shocks to her wrists. After that, she said, she obeyed.
“It never entered my mind to run away,” Lee said in Korean, as members of her host family interpreted. “I had no idea where I was or what was outside. I didn’t have a chance to talk with the other girls. My food was brought to me. I thought I was alone.”
Outside, the war in the Pacific was raging. Lee recalled hearing loud sounds of combat, sounds she said she still hears at night. At one point, the building where she lived was hit by U.S. bombs. Injured in the collapse, she bled heavily and thought she might die. Much later, she learned she had miscarried.
When Lee was finally rescued and sent home after the war, she was 17. But in many ways, her life did not begin again until the plight of the comfort women became known. In her late 60s, she threw herself into the campaign to expose the abuses and demand Japanese atonement. She testified before commissions and legislatures. She was taken to the Vatican to meet the pope. In the process, she said she found purpose in the life she thought had been thrown away.
“I lost myself for a long time,” Lee said. “I thought I was worthless. I didn’t talk about it, and nobody asked me. Until the women came out, I did not exist.”
Nearly two hours into her story, Lee’s diffident demeanor changed. She stopped rubbing her rosary beads. When she spoke again, it was with deep rage against her abusers, against her lost youth, even against the term that is commonly used to describe her.
“I never wanted to give comfort to those men,” she said with a glare of disgust. “That name was made up by Japan. I was taken from my home as a child. My right to be happy, to marry, to have a family, it was all taken from me.” She wiped her eyes once more, then straightened up on the sofa.
“I am a proper lady and a daughter of Korea,” Lee declared. “I don’t want to hate or hold a grudge, but I can never forgive what happened to me. I must stand up for myself and the others. Mr. Abe should act like a man and face the truth of the crimes that were done to us. I was robbed of my youth, and I want him to apologize before I die.”
http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/70- ... story.html
Many Koreans, including Lee Hak-rae, were sent to Thailand during World War II to guard prisoners of war working to build the Thai-Burma Railway, and some were indicted after the war for abusing the POWs. | KYODO
National / History
Korean ‘war criminal’ seeks redress from Japan
by Keisuke Sunami
Kyodo
Apr 22, 2015
Article history
Seventy years after the end of World War II, a 90-year-old South Korean who was convicted of war crimes continues to seek justice and compensation from the Japanese government.
As a young boy, Lee Hak-rae helped with his family’s farming work on the Korean Peninsula during Japan’s colonial rule. In June 1942, when Lee was 17, he was told by the head of his village, in what is now the southern part of South Korea, to work for the Imperial Japanese military under a two-year contract with a monthly pay of ¥50.
After receiving training in Busan, Lee was sent to a prisoner of war camp in Thailand to serve as a guard. The Japanese army was using POWs to build the Thai-Burma Railway, and Lee had never heard of the Geneva Conventions on the treatment of POWs.
Lee and other guards led some 500 Australian and other POWs to Hintok, Thailand, in February 1943. The construction of the jungle railway was brutal and about 100 of these POWs died of dysentery, malaria and cholera after suffering malnutrition and exhaustion.
Guards were told by the army every day to supply POWs for the work and Lee thought the death of one or two POWs per day was unavoidable.
When the war ended in 1945, Lee was pleased with the independence of his home country from Japan. But he was soon sent to a prison in Singapore by the Allied forces and indicted for forcing sick POWs to work until many of them died and failing to stop his subordinates’ abuse of prisoners.
For Lee the charges were “unreasonable,” because he was not in a position to refuse orders from the Japanese and had no subordinates as a civilian worker in the army, he said. He felt the POWs who lost their comrades at the camp were exacting their revenge on him via the charges.
Lee says he couldn’t understand most of proceedings during his trial, held in English, but that when the judge ruled he should be put to “death by hanging,” he went blank. The sentence was later commuted to 20 years and Lee was sent to Tokyo’s Sugamo Prison.
He now resides in Nishitokyo as a South Korean national and leads a group formed by Koreans convicted as war criminals seeking an apology and redress from the Japanese government.
Like Lee, many Koreans, as well as Taiwanese, were recruited by the Japanese military to serve as guards at POW camps and some of them were convicted after the war as Class B and Class C war criminals for the mistreatment of prisoners. They were later stripped of their Japanese citizenship and rights to compensation under the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty.
“I was in a small rural village in South Korea but was convicted as a war criminal as a result of Japan’s colonial rule,” Lee said. “I should be entitled to the same compensation as Japanese people.”
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/0 ... TiL05Om3VE
13:48 22.04.2015
Primeiro-ministro japonês expressa "remorsos" por Segunda Guerra Mundial
© Beawiharta Beawiharta / Reute
O primeiro-ministro japonês expressou hoje os "profundos remorsos" do Japão pelas agressões do país durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, por ocasião de uma cimeira Ásia-África em Jacarta, sem apresentar um pedido de desculpas.
Por ocasião do 60.º aniversário da conferência Ásia-África na Indonésia, Shinzo Abe declarou: "O Japão, com profundos remorsos relativamente à última guerra, prometeu manter-se uma nação que vai cumprir sempre estes mesmos princípios [da paz], independentemente das circunstâncias".
A conferência Ásia-África deu origem ao Movimento dos países Não Alinhados, surgido depois de formados os dois grandes blocos da Guerra-Fria, liderados pelos Estados Unidos e a antiga União Soviética (URSS).
O discurso de Abe, pronunciado na abertura da cimeira, na qual participa o presidente da China, Xi Jinping, era muito aguardado, por poder antecipar os termos da declaração que o primeiro-ministro japonês deverá fazer dentro de algumas semanas, na comemoração do 70.º aniversário do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Esta declaração, em termos menos fortes, contrasta com a do primeiro-ministro Junichiro Koizumi na cimeira de 2005, e na qual pediu "sinceras desculpas" pelo "passado colonista e agressões" japonesas, retomando os termos da declaração histórica de 1995 feita pelo então chefe do Governo nipónico, Tomiichi Murayama.
O Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros sul-coreano "lamentou profundamente" a decisão de Abe de retirar duas expressões usadas por Koizumi.
Por ocasião do 70.º aniversário do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, observadores afirmaram esperar que Abe se refira diretamente ao "passado colonista e agressões" do país, manifeste remorsos e peça desculpas, como fizeram Murayama e Koizumi.
Numa entrevista transmitida recentemente pela televisão, Abe deu a entender que não vai voltar a pedir desculpas formais na declaração.
Ainda esta semana, Abe enviou uma oferenda ao polémico santuário de Yasukuni, em Tóquio, onde se encontram os restos mortais de 2,5 milhões de soldados, incluindo 14 criminosos de guerra, condenados pelos Aliados depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Hoje, mais de 100 deputados japoneses visitaram Yasukuni.
Apesar da declaração de Abe, as relações entre o primeiro-ministro japonês e o Presidente chinês parecem estar a melhorar e os dois trocaram um aperto de mãos no início da cimeira.
O ministro da presidência, Yoshihide Suga, disse "ter recebido informações de que está a ser preparado um encontro entre os dois líderes, mas ainda não foi decidido quando e onde realizar esse encontro".
A China e a Coreia do Sul consideram que o Japão ainda não mostrou "um sincero arrependimento" dos crimes que cometeu na região da Ásia-Pacífico.
As relações do Japão com os vizinhos continuam a ser marcadas pela lembrança das atrocidades cometidas pelas tropas imperiais nipónicas durante a colonização da península coreana (1910-1945) e da ocupação parcial da China (1931-1945).
http://sicnoticias.sapo.pt/mundo/2015-0 ... ra-Mundial
Tóquio Ministra japonesa visita controverso santuário Yasukuni
A ministra responsável pela gestão de desastres do Japão visitou hoje o controverso santuário Yasukuni, em Tóquio, local que a China e a Coreia do Sul condenam por prestar homenagem aos mortos da Segunda Guerra Mundial e outros conflitos bélicos.
Reuters
06:18 - 23 de Abril de 2015 | Por Lusa
Eriko Yamatani, que também é a ministra que tem a seu cargo a questão dos cidadãos japoneses sequestrados pela Coreia do Norte e é presidente da Comissão Nacional de Segurança Pública, é o primeiro membro do Governo do primeiro-ministro conservador, Shinzo Abe, a deslocar-se, este ano, o polémico santuário.
PUB
Já na quarta-feira, mais de 100 deputados japoneses, de todo o espectro partidário, visitaram Yasukuni, por ocasião do festival anual da primavera.
O santuário, de 145 anos, presta tributo a cerca de 2,5 milhões de cidadãos que morreram na Segunda Guerra Mundial e noutros conflitos bélicos. Porém, é altamente controverso porque entre os homenageados figuram criminosos de guerra, tal como o general Hideki Tojo, que autorizou o ataque contra Pearl Harbor.
Os vizinhos do Japão também interpretam a 'peregrinação' de políticos e dignitários japoneses ao santuário como um insulto e uma dolorosa lembrança da agressão de Tóquio na primeira metade do século XX.
O primeiro-ministro japonês, Shinzo Abe, não visitou o santuário - a última vez que o fez foi em dezembro de 2013 -, mas enviou, esta terça-feira, como tem sido tradição, uma pequena árvore como oferenda simbólica.
http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/3 ... o-yasukuni
Para os gregos o deus da guerra ARES (Marte para os romanos) era acompanhado nas batalhas por seus filhos, Phobos (o medo) e Deimos (o terror). Ambos, o medo e o terror, ainda continuam a seguir os exércitos nas guerras. " A guerra é um inferno" já teria dito o general Sherman, na guerra civil americana, ao avançar pela Geórgia em direção ao mar, destruindo tudo em seu caminho.DSA escreveu:A guerra desumaniza-nos. quem pense que na guerra, ente os combatentes há "santinhos " cumpridores de regras e convenções esta completamente enganado!
Mas é alguma novidade que houve violações assassinatos roubos. os mais macabros horrores, entre todas as partes envolvidas no conflito?
É a guerra!
Did S. Korea operate “comfort stations” in the Vietnam War?
Posted on : Apr.25,2015 13:12 KST Modified on : Apr.25,2015 13:12 KST
An article on South Korea run prostitution facilities in Saigon and other cities during the Vietnam War in the “Spring special” edition on Apr. 2 by the Shukan Bunshun weekly newsmagazine
“That Turkish bath was a ‘welfare center’ set up by the South Korean military exclusively for South Korean troops.”
Did South Korea run prostitution facilities similar to the Japanese military’s “comfort stations” in Saigon and other cities during the Vietnam War? This question is drawing new attention after a Japanese magazine report on the discovery of records suggesting so by the US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
At one level, the report comes across strongly as an attempt to draw attention away from Japan after South Korea’s persistent efforts to demand action from Tokyo to resolve the issue of “comfort women” forcibly mobilized as sexual slaves to the Japanese military. But the issue warrants investigation by the South Korean government - and if the allegations prove true, a serious effort should be launched to resolve the matter.
“Spring special” edition on Apr. 2 by the Shukan Bunshun weekly newsmagazine
The report in question was printed in an extra-large “spring special” edition on Apr. 2 by the Shukan Bunshun weekly newsmagazine, one of the leading forces in promoting anti-Korean sentiment in Japan. The article was written by Noriyuki Yamaguchi, chief of the Washington bureau of the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS). Yamaguchi explained that he wrote the piece after hearing advice from an acquaintance he met before taking his post in the US capital. “There are unconfirmed reports that the South Korean military operated ‘welfare centers’ all over South Vietnam during the war,” he recalled the friend telling him. “If it’s possible to support this with data from the US government, then that makes South Korea ‘perpetrators’ on the comfort women issue. If President Park Geun-hye and the South Korean public can regain their objectivity and approach the comfort women issue seriously, then the situation could change.”
Yamaguchi proceeded to track down White House and State Department diplomatic documents from the war through different branches of the NARA, as well as trial and crime records. In July 2014, the long and difficult process paid off when he finally located a letter sent to Gen. Chae Myeong-sin, the South Korean military’s first commander in Vietnam between 1965 and 1969, by the US military command stationed in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City). While it did not indicate the exact date the US military wrote it, Yamaguchi said the surrounding circumstances suggested it would have been written “between January and April 1969.”
According to the article, the letter makes reference to the illegal diversion of large amounts of US supplies by the South Korea military in Vietnam. One of the places mentioned as a backdrop for the crime was a “Turkish bath for South Korean troops” located in central Saigon. The letter also reportedly refers to “acts of prostitution taking place” and “Vietnamese women working” at the Turkish bath. “While it is a welfare center exclusively for South Korean troops, US troops are also able to make special use for a fee of US$38 per visit,” the letter is quoted as saying.
After inquiring with US veterans who were aware of the situation in Saigon at the time, Yamaguchi heard reports that the “Turkish bath” there was a prostitution facility, as well as accounts that “the Vietnamese women who worked at the facilities were all very young and came from farming villages.”
Concluding the piece, Yamaguchi writes, “If President Park Geun-hye truly sees the comfort women issue as a human rights issue rather than a tool for domestic politics and diplomacy . . . then she will take the lead in investigating [the allegations] as with the example of the South Korean comfort women. Otherwise, [South Korea] would be proving to the international community that it is a country that ignores truths that are inconvenient to itself and refuses to confront history.”
Distasteful as it may be, the argument is also difficult to refute. Now it’s time for Seoul to sit down with Vietnamese authorities to find out the truth not only about the civilian massacres that took place during the Vietnam War, but also about the extent of military authorities’ involvement in operating and managing “welfare stations” for their troops - and to take appropriate follow-up action.
By Gil Yun-hyung, Tokyo correspondent
http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_ ... 88436.html
É que ta chegando perto dos 100 anos. E nada que aconteceu a 100 anos é lembrado com tanta vibração.FCarvalho escreveu:Eu não sei quanto aos colegas aqui, mas eu tenho notado que todas as vezes que se fala na GM II aqui no Brasil, cada vez mais os jornalistas que apresentam a notícia parecem ter mais e mais dificuldades em falar sobre o tema. Hoje no Jornal Hoje a Sandra Anneberg se engasgou ao falar sobre o assunto, e olha que ela simplesmente estava tentando encerrar a matéria apresentada.
Parece cada vez mais que a GM II está saindo de vez da memória para entrar para a história. E da história para o esquecimento, é apenas um passo.
Assim como ela, outros interlocutores da mídia em geral parecem cada vez menos confortáveis em falar deste assunto, que se torna mais e mais distante.
Não sei se sou eu que estou ficando velho, ou se porque sou fã do tema, que sempre me parece tão próximo, ou bem ali na memória.... mas, preocupa, enfim que algo tão marcante na história da humanidade pareça estar ficando cada vez mais distante do olhar, e da consciência das pessoas. Os meu sobrinhos, para não dizer, meus alunos, são de uma geração que praticamente só sabe da GM II o pouco ou nada que foi comentado nas aulas de história, e mesmo assim, sob um ponto de vista pouco pedagógico, e mais ideológico.
Enfim, a roda da história gira. E nós, giramos com ela.
abs
