Submarinos modernos

[WalterGaudério]

Realmente fico estarrecido com esses problemas, pois sempre tive os subs alemães na mais alta conta.

Enquanto isso, o Scorpene da Malasia está passando por testes e ajustes para ser entregue:

http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bi ... ele=jdc_34

Este Scòrpene da Malásia tem AIP? Porque os do Chile não tem, nem os nossos teriam. O desenvolvimento destes sistemas realmente parece ser bastante mais complicado do que se imagina, pois os atrasos na construção do sub espanhol também se devem principalmente ao desenvolvimento do sistema AIP.

Leandro G. Card

Nada para se assustar. O sistema AIP ainda não atingiu a maturidade. Mesmos as promessas de oferecer serviços de bordo mais propulsão de patrulha a 5 ou 6 nós por cerca de 1 semana, está sendo difícil de atingir pelos atuais AIP, ainda que eu não tenha como afirmar o desempenho do sistema Stirling sueco.

[WalterGaudério]

Jáh haviam me perguntado, mais de uma vez, sobre as ofertas de projetos de submarinos feitas à MB na década de 80. Incluí certa vez os TR 1700, os mesmos escolhidos pela Argentina. Eram projetados pela TNSW-Thyssen Nordseewerke Gmbh. Mas sua principal concorrente tb havia trabalhado em um projeto superlativo na mesma época o Type 2000, da HDW, que eu havia citado a pelo menos dois anos atrás mas não tinha disponibilizado imagem alguma.

Aí vai no entanto.

[cabeça de martelo]

Vejam:

Não é um artigo sobre o U-209PN mas certas análises e comparações são feitas em relação ao AIP da HDW.
Aquilo dá uma boa imagem do salto tecnológico do ponto de vista da propulsão submergida e das possibilidades de utilização dos novos sub's AIP, mas também que em escolhendo a HDW em 2004 a nossa marinha não se enganou.

Leiam no mínimo as páginas 3 e 4. ... Mas é realmente o mínimo !

http://media.bmt.org/bmt_media/resource ... 008-JB.pdf

[Penguin]

Ares
A Defense Technology Blog

Final Divorce Between Navantia and DCNS
Posted by Christina Mackenzie at 11/12/2010 11:37 AM CST
In a remarkably terse press release, DCNS and Navantia today announced their final divorce in their marriage of convenience over the Scorpene submarine.

http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/de ... d=blogDest

“DCNS and Navantia have put an end to their disagreement concerning their submarine collaboration,” it stated, which one might at first have thought meant top-level meetings between their management had been successful, particularly given the next statement: “As a result, the arbitration procedure between them will be terminated.”

But then, like a well-written play, the full meaning becomes clear in the next phrase:

“Scorpene submarines will from now on be built and marketed by DCNS. Similarly, S80 submarines will be built and marketed by Navantia.”

And, just in case you are tempted to want to know more, the statement ends with: “Neither party will make any further comments.”

So, what does all this actually mean? Well, it puts an end to the 15-year Franco-Spanish collaboration on conventional diesel-electric submarines, which is not good news at a time when tighter defense budgets across Europe means industry really should rationalize, particularly in the naval sector where there are still far too many national players all competing against each other in a narrow market.

The 18-month dispute in Paris courts between the French and Spanish shipyards arose when DCNS accused Navantia of plagiarizing technology from Scorpene to develop the larger S80 submarine, four of which have been bought by the Spanish navy, but which is also being proposed on the export market in competition with the Scorpene ... without success for the moment.

The French were particularly annoyed that the S80 is being built in collaboration with Lockheed Martin which is supplying its combat system.

DCNS and Navantia have co-built 10 Scorpene submarines: two each for Chile and Malaysia and six for India in their respective shipyards at Cherbourg and Cartagena with DCNS holding about 65% of the work share. Intellectual property, however, was equally shared between the two.

So, from now on Scorpene becomes an entirely French product, marketed only by DCNS and S-80 will continue to be marketed by Navantia.

The first S-80, S-81, should be delivered (a year late) in the first quarter of 2013, according to Spain's secretary of state for defense Constantin Mendez. The last of the four, S-84, should be delivered to the Spanish Armada in 2016.

DCNS, meanwhile, will be busy on the four Scorpenes it has sold to Brazil.

[Zavva]

Ares
A Defense Technology Blog

Final Divorce Between Navantia and DCNS
Posted by Christina Mackenzie at 11/12/2010 11:37 AM CST
In a remarkably terse press release, DCNS and Navantia today announced their final divorce in their marriage of convenience over the Scorpene submarine.

http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/de ... d=blogDest

(...)

DCNS and Navantia have co-built 10 Scorpene submarines: two each for Chile and Malaysia and six for India in their respective shipyards at Cherbourg and Cartagena with DCNS holding about 65% of the work share. Intellectual property, however, was equally shared between the two.

So, from now on Scorpene becomes an entirely French product, marketed only by DCNS and S-80 will continue to be marketed by Navantia.

The first S-80, S-81, should be delivered (a year late) in the first quarter of 2013, according to Spain's secretary of state for defense Constantin Mendez. The last of the four, S-84, should be delivered to the Spanish Armada in 2016.

DCNS, meanwhile, will be busy on the four Scorpenes it has sold to Brazil.

Depois deste problema com a Navantia os franceses serão muito mais rigorosos e cuidadosos.

Primeiro Scorpène da Marinha do Brasil terá quilha batida no final de maio
02/05/2010

(...)

Outros dois integrantes do almirantado alertam para a necessidade de uma ação mais dura e exigente no fluxo da transferência de tecnologia, cláusula fundamental do negócio. Os oficiais superiores argumentam que a indecisão havida em alguns momentos dessa fase preliminar não pode ocorrer mais adiante, quando a operação atingir os itens sensíveis do programa.

(...)

http://pbrasil.wordpress.com/2010/05/02 ... l-de-maio/

Abs

[WalterGaudério]

Vejam:

Não é um artigo sobre o U-209PN mas certas análises e comparações são feitas em relação ao AIP da HDW.
Aquilo dá uma boa imagem do salto tecnológico do ponto de vista da propulsão submergida e das possibilidades de utilização dos novos sub's AIP, mas também que em escolhendo a HDW em 2004 a nossa marinha não se enganou.

Leiam no mínimo as páginas 3 e 4. ... Mas é realmente o mínimo !

http://media.bmt.org/bmt_media/resource ... 008-JB.pdf

Obrigado pela dica Cabeça, vou devorar isso agora mesmo
(chove em Brasília a cerca de duas semanas sem parar...estou virando um sapo)

[cabeça de martelo]

Vais gostar.

[Penguin]

TKMS/Kockums Concept

New Submarines Improve Performance

Feb 3, 2012

By David Eshel, Maxim Pyadushkin, Sunho Beck
Tel Aviv, Moscow, Seoul

The original stealth weapons, submarines may be second only to unmanned systems in the degree to which they have exploited new technology in the past two decades. Major advances have included air-independent propulsion (AIP) systems, increasing submerged endurance and mobility; automation, reducing crew size (and consequently, life-cycle costs) and improving habitability; electro-optical masts that can sweep the horizon with high-definition in seconds and drop out of sight; and new torpedoes and other weapons. On the near horizon is the the mating of SSKs with unmanned air and underwater vehicles (UUV).

One of the newest SSK designs in the world is the TKMS/Kockums A26, in development for the Swedish Navy and due to become operational late in the decade. The 1,800-ton A26 builds on experience with the Gotland class—which proved a headache for the U.S. Navy during two years of “aggressor” operations out of San Diego—and likewise uses Stirling-cycle AIP propulsion, with a submerged endurance of up to 18 days. (Kockums AIP technology is also used on Japan’s 16SS.)

New features include a low radar-cross-section sail, an integrated tube-type “multimission portal” for swimmers and UUVs, and what the builder calls Genuine Holistic Stealth Technology (Ghost), giving the A26 lower sonar signatures across all bands than the Gotland. For example, noise and vibration isolation techniques are improved, including damping plates between hull frames. Airflow speeds in ducts are limited and cable and pipe turn radii are above set minima. The A26 has new features such as a smart degaussing system that uses external sensors to match the boat’s magnetic signature to its background. It will be operated by a crew of 26.

TKMS’ Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) unit in Kiel, Germany, is also leading a two-year, $100 million upgrade of the Israeli navy’s three Dolphin submarines at Israeli shipyards. Dolphin, Leviathan and Tekuma will be joined by two more subs, enhanced with AIP, under construction at HDW, while acquisition of a sixth is being negotiated.

The upgrade includes 10 launchers per boat for Rafael’s Torbuster, a fourth-generation, hard-kill decoy that seduces incoming torpedoes using technology based on the Rafael’s decoys for surface ships. Upon detection of an incoming torpedo, the sub releases the decoy from an external launcher, which propels itself to a safe distance before attracting the incoming torpedo by transmitting acoustic signals, using reactive acoustic deception.

Torbuster actively engages the torpedo as it closes in, activating an explosive warhead when the target is at the closest proximity, inflicting sufficient damage to the torpedo to neutralize it. The system is operated from a single console, a launcher control unit. The operator is able to monitor the decoys in the launchers, to follow and activate the launchers, and to control the system’s safety interlocks and devices.

Another element of the upgrade is Rafael’s Sea-Com, a hardened, secure, Internet protocol-based communications suite integrating internal voice, data and video communications, as well as external radio and satellite links. Sea-Com reduces sensor-to-shooter time through efficient collaboration of multidisciplinary systems and real-time access to information resources.

Russia’s Project 636 SSK, called Kilo in the West, set standards in the Cold War, but its designer—St. Petersburg-based CDB Rubin—is now playing catch-up after years of underinvestment. Rubin’s general director, Andrey Dyachkov, tells DTI that the company is completing bench-testing of a prototype AIP system.

The system is a hydrogen fuel cell, as used by TKMS-HDW, but instead of operating on stored hydrogen, it relies on chemical re- formation of the sub’s diesel fuel, which eliminates special on-board tankage and hydrogen infrastructure on shore. According to Dyachkov, this technology has already been validated during AIP bench tests. “This allows us to use the standard diesel fuel and doesn’t require complex ground support” compared to the German variant, he explained.

Rubin plans to install AIP in the Amur 1650, offered for the Indian navy’s tender for six conventional submarines. An export version of Russia’s Project 677 Lada class, Amur has a surface displacement of 1,765 metric tons, submerged speed of 19 kt. and a crew of 35. It is designed to strike both sea-based and fixed land-based targets. The 66-meter (217-ft.) boat carries six torpedo tubes and Klub-S (SS-N-27) missiles in 10 vertical launchers that can be fired in salvos. For the Indian tender it also will be equipped with Russo-Indian PJ-10 BrahMos supersonic missiles fired from the same launchers.

The AIP can be installed in the Amur 1650 in a separate module along with the conventional diesel-electric propulsion system. Using the AIP, the sub’s endurance can increase by two or three more weeks from 45 days currently, based on a customer’s request. Continuous submerged time increases from the current nine days to 14-20 days.

The first Project 677 boat, the St. Petersburg, is undergoing reliability testing with the Russian navy in the Baltic Sea. In 2012, it is expected to complete the testing of its sonar system, says Dyachkov. The Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg are constructing two more, the Kronstadt and Sevastopol, but so far there are no funds for completing these with AIP.

Rubin plans to further increase Amur 1650 endurance by replacing lead-acid batteries with lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries. The designers do not report about their progress in this field, but say that lithium-ion batteries will be able to increase the sub’s submerged endurance and distance by 50% at low noise patrol speed and threefold at full speed. Unlike the AIP, which is only compatible with the Amur, the new batteries can also be offered for Rubin’s Project 636 Kilo boats.

Li-Ion batteries are a key feature of another radical new submarine, under development since 2008 by South Korea’s Agency for Defense Development (ADD)—the new-technology 510-ton KSM-500A mini-sub.

South Korea has two 150-ton Dolgorae-class minis for special operations and ASW training, but as plans for a replacement have evolved, the requirements have expanded. From the outset, the new sub was intended to attack large surface units, and initial plans were for a 15-kt. speed, 2,000-nm range and two weeks of submerged endurance. The ADD explained that the speed was the minimum required to escape from a counterattack after firing torpedoes at major surface units, and the range covers operations into the coastal waters of potential adversaries. For underwater endurance, the ADD called for more than two weeks.

Then, the March 2010 sinking of the corvette Cheonan by a North Korean torpedo—most likely from a Yono-class midget submarine—brought the small-sub concept into the spotlight as a possible counter to the North’s 70-strong sub fleet.

The latest concept, the KSM-500A, unveiled in October 2011, is even faster and has a three-week endurance. It carries six torpedoes—two 533-mm heavies to attack surface ships and four 324-mm lightweights to target submarines—plus a payload interface module that can hold missiles or mines. The craft is designed to carry 10 crew and up to seven combat swimmers.

The notable feature of the KSM-500A design is its propulsion, which is all-electric. By dispensing with diesel generators and relying on Li-Ion batteries with more than twice the energy density of lead-acid ones, the KSM-500A will both be “ultra-quiet” and able to sprint for greater distances above 10 kt. than current small submarines, the ADD claims. Packaging a motor, rotor, stator and propellers into an integrated motor-propulsor eliminates the drive shaft and makes room in the aft compartment for a payload module, while a flank-array sonar can extend over almost the whole length of the hull because there is no noisy machinery in the aft section. The KSM-500A concept is not yet frozen and a hybrid system, comprising an AIP unit and Li-Ion batteries, is still an option.

While lethality, survivability and mobility are still the focus of most design efforts, DCNS, the French military shipyard, recently completed the world’s first study on the environmental impact of a submarine’s life-cycle, seeking innovative ways to reduce this impact.

Eric Fusil, the study’s leader, tells DTI that “in general when you improve the environmental impact your product also becomes more efficient in terms of functionality and cost. This has been the case with Sepia [Submarine with Environmental Performance Improvement Along-life], a name we chose with a nod and a wink to the Latin name of the common cuttlefish, famous for its excellent ability to camouflage.”

Sepia analyzed a submarine’s damage to human health, ecosystems and natural resources depletion, and the solutions found—while maintaining the same strategic performances as a Scorpene submarine—save 160 tons of fuel a year, or 40%, and cut the global environmental impact by 35% while eliminating liquid and solid waste disposal at sea.

The team considered every step of the entire life cycle and every part of the ship, including packaging and related products such as consumables and electricity consumption on the construction site. They looked at the materials used, the manufacturing process, the period of active duty, maintenance and dismantling.

“All the solutions we chose were at least at a prototype stage,” says Fusil. The silicone hull coating, for example, already exists. It not only reduces drag but is also non-toxic for the organic matter (shells, etc.) which tries to latch onto the ship. “They can latch onto this surface for a short time, but it comes off in micro-particles, taking the matter with it,” explains Fusil.

The Sepia design has a shrouded propulsor and dual drive motors, a smaller one for patrol and a larger one for sprint. Li-Ion batteries would be used, helping reduce life-cycle diesel consumption by 40%.

[Penguin]

Kockums A26



Length ~62 m
Draught surfaced ~6 m
Displacement ~1800 tonnes (surfaced)
Max diving depth >200 m
Standard complement 26 persons
Weapon tubes 4
Weapons 53 cm torpedoes, 40 cm torpedoes, mines
Heavy weapons >15
Multimission PortalTM Length >6 m, diameter >1.5 m
UUV capacity Launch and recovery through the Multimission PortalTM
Countermeasures Inboard/outboard countermeasures launchers
Op sea water temp From -2 to +32 ºC
Op sea water density 1003 - 1032 kg/m3
Propulsion AIP (Stirling) and diesel-electric, single-shaft
Mission endurance >45 days
Max AIP speed >6 knots (submerged)
Max snorting speed >12 knots (continuous)
AIP endurance >18 days (at patrol speed)





http://www.kockums.se/ImageVault/Images ... ndler.aspx

[Penguin]

Mais um país a caminho do clube.
Disposição perece não faltar...


Pakistani Navy to Develop Nuclear-Powered Submarines: Reports
Feb. 11, 2012 - 01:11PM | By USMAN ANSARI | Comments
http://www.defensenews.com/article/2012 ... |FRONTPAGE

ISLAMABAD — Media reports on Feb. 11 state the Pakistan Navy intends to build nuclear-powered submarines as a matter of priority.

No sources were quoted in the reports, which indicated the first submarine would be operational in five to eight years.

When contacted by Defense News, a spokesman for the Pakistani Navy said he could not comment as to the veracity of the reports.

Mansoor Ahmed, a lecturer at Islamabad’s Quaid-e-Azam University who specializes in nonconventional weapons and missiles, believes the reports are the result of a calculated leak by the Navy, and that a message may be being sent to India.

“This news … appears to be some kind of signaling to the Indians seeing as they are taking delivery of a new nuclear-powered submarine from the Russians as well as their own Arihant Class SSBN,” he said.

“So Pakistan is signaling to the Indians that they are mindful of these developments and taking due measures in response.”

Ahmed said he has for some time believed Pakistan was working on a nuclear propulsion system for submarine applications and that Pakistan already has a functional submarine launched variant of the Babur cruise missile.

The Babur cruise missile is very similar to the U.S. BGM-109 Tomahawk, and perhaps derives at least some technology from Tomahawks which crashed in Pakistan during U.S. strikes on al-Qaida training camps in Afghanistan in 1998. It can be armed with conventional or nuclear warheads.

Ahmed believes Pakistan is now gearing up to build its own SSN/SSGN flotilla as a way of deterring India and maintaining the strategic balance in South Asia.

However, in the long term in order to fully ensure the credibility of its deterrent Ahmed said he believes Pakistan should build ballistic missile submarines.

[Penguin]

HMS Astute
A look inside Britain's newest nuclear attack submarine, HMS Astute.

http://www.defensenewstv.com/video.php? ... 6279831001

[Penguin]

Main Electric Motor Installed On Board S-81 "Isaac Peral"

(Source: Navantia; issued February 15, 2012)

Navantia has proceeded to the installation of the main electric motor on board the S-81 “Isaac Peral” submarine, first of the series of 4 that it is building for the Spanish Navy.

This electric motor has been developed by Cantarey, a subsidiary of the Spanish multinational Gamesa. It is a state-of-the-art design, that has a very reduced size, 20% less weight than that of the Scorpene submarine, extremely low acoustic signature, double shock resistance and capable of delivering the maximum power continuously, which effectively means a 50% more of power in operation than any other existing conventional submarine.

This event is, to the date, the most important milestone in the outfitting phase of S-81. During the next months other main equipment will be embarked in the submarine, in order to proceed to the union of the sections and launching of the submarine, scheduled for 2013.

-ends-

[Penguin]

A Coreia do Sul entra para o seleto clube dos exportadores de submarino...

DSME Wins a New Order for Submarines from Indonesia


(Source: Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering; issued Dec. 20, 2011)



DSME won a new order for three submarines from Indonesia. This contract is the single biggest arms sales deal by a Korean firm and the value of the contract is approximately 1.1 billion dollars with the submarines scheduled to be delivered in the first half of the year of 2018.

This contract is comprised of three 1,400 ton class diesel-powered submarines with each one measuring 61.3m from stern to bow with the ability to carry 40 crew. These submarines will be fully armed with eight weapon tubes able to discharge all kinds of torpedoes, mines, and guided missiles.

DSME had an elaborate plan for this contract originating in 2006 as a gradational strategy with the Indonesian government. The company originally got depot maintenance and performance improvement contracts from the Indonesian Navy in 2003 and 2009. DSME established a close working relationship with the Indonesian government so that the company was able to achieve Korea's first export of submarines.

DSME has the best sales record in the submarine business among the Korean Shipbuilding companies. The company originally built a 1,200 ton class submarine in 1988 through technology passed down from Germany. This contract has given DSME an competitive advantage over price, quality, logistic support, and ship building technology compared with France, Germany, and Russia which are the traditional powers of the diesel submarine building industry.

The President and CEO of DSME Mr. Sang-Tae Nam said, “We have now secured a foothold in the submarine business in Southeast Asia and we look forward to additional orders based on this contract.”

DSME has won a total of 14 submarine contracts, including this contract, at home and abroad. The company has also been awarded 15 depot maintenance and performance improvement contracts in Korea and 2 contracts from abroad. Based on these achievements, DSME is raising its profile as a strong company in the submarine building market.

This latest contract puts DSME’s 2011 secured orders at 52 vessels, special ship, and offshore platforms worth USD 14 billion and exceeds the sales target by 30%.

-ends-

[Andre Correa]

[Andre Correa]